Meng X J
Center for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1410 Price's Fork Road, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0342, USA.
Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 2003;278:185-216. doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-55541-1_7.
Swine hepatitis E Virus (swine HEV), a ubiquitous agent recently discovered in pigs, is antigenically and genetically closely related to the human HEV. Swine HEV infection in pigs generally occurs at about 2-3 months of age, and about 80%-100% of the pigs in commercial farms in the USA were infected. Swine HEV infections have now been recognized in pigs in many other countries of the world. Interspecies transmission has been documented, as swine HEV infects non-human primates and some strains of human HEV infect pigs. Recent seroepidemiological studies showed that swine veterinarians and other pig handlers are at higher risk of HEV infection compared to normal blood donors. In addition, novel strains of human HEV recovered from hepatitis patients in the USA, Japan and Taiwan are genetically more closely related to strains of swine HEV from respective countries than to other strains of human HEV. The ubiquitous nature of the virus in pigs and the demonstrated ability of cross-species infection raise a potential concern for swine HEV infection in xenotransplantation with pig organs. This chapter discusses the recent advances in HEV research with emphases on potential zoonosis and xenozoonosis.
猪戊型肝炎病毒（swine HEV）是一种最近在猪身上发现的普遍存在的病原体，在抗原性和基因上与人类戊型肝炎病毒密切相关。猪戊型肝炎病毒感染通常发生在猪2至3月龄左右，美国商业养殖场中约80%-100%的猪受到感染。目前，世界上许多其他国家的猪身上都已发现猪戊型肝炎病毒感染。种间传播已有记录，因为猪戊型肝炎病毒可感染非人灵长类动物，一些人类戊型肝炎病毒毒株也可感染猪。最近的血清流行病学研究表明，与正常献血者相比，猪兽医和其他接触猪的人员感染戊型肝炎病毒的风险更高。此外，从美国、日本和台湾地区的肝炎患者中分离出的新型人类戊型肝炎病毒毒株，在基因上与各自国家的猪戊型肝炎病毒毒株的关系，比与其他人类戊型肝炎病毒毒株的关系更为密切。该病毒在猪中的普遍存在以及已证实的跨物种感染能力，引发了对猪器官异种移植中猪戊型肝炎病毒感染的潜在担忧。本章讨论了戊型肝炎病毒研究的最新进展，重点关注潜在的人畜共患病和异种人畜共患病。
