Sabaté Joan
Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2003 Sep;78(3 Suppl):502S-507S. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/78.3.502S.
Advances in nutrition research during the past few decades have changed scientists' understanding of the contribution of vegetarian diets to human health and disease. Diets largely based on plant foods, such as well-balanced vegetarian diets, could best prevent nutrient deficiencies as well as diet-related chronic diseases. However, restrictive or unbalanced vegetarian diets may lead to nutritional deficiencies, particularly in situations of high metabolic demand. If some vegetarian diets are healthier than diets largely based on animal products, this constitutes an important departure from previous views on dietary recommendations to prevent disease conditions. Based on different paradigms, 3 models are presented depicting the population health risks and benefits of vegetarian and meat-based diets. This series of models encapsulates the evolution of scientific understanding on the overall effects of these dietary patterns on human health. Recent scientific advances seem to have resulted in a paradigm shift: diets largely based on plant foods, such as well-balanced vegetarian diets, are viewed more as improving health than as causing disease, in contrast with meat-based diets.
在过去几十年中，营养研究的进展改变了科学家们对素食饮食对人类健康和疾病影响的理解。主要基于植物性食物的饮食，如营养均衡的素食饮食，最能预防营养缺乏以及与饮食相关的慢性病。然而，限制性或不均衡的素食饮食可能导致营养缺乏，尤其是在高代谢需求的情况下。如果某些素食饮食比主要基于动物产品的饮食更健康，这与之前关于预防疾病的饮食建议观点有重要背离。基于不同的范式，提出了3种模型，描述了素食和肉食饮食对人群健康的风险和益处。这一系列模型概括了科学对这些饮食模式对人类健康总体影响的理解的演变。最近的科学进展似乎导致了一种范式转变：与肉食饮食相比，主要基于植物性食物的饮食，如营养均衡的素食饮食，更多地被视为改善健康而非导致疾病。
