Baroni Luciana, Rizzo Gianluca, Galchenko Alexey Vladimirovich, Zavoli Martina, Serventi Luca, Battino Maurizio
Scientific Society for Vegetarian Nutrition-SSNV, 30171 Venice, Italy.
Earth Philosophical Society "Melodia Vitae", International, Toronto, CA M9A4X9, Canada.
Foods. 2024 Jul 29;13(15):2398. doi: 10.3390/foods13152398.
Vegetarian diets are plant-based diets including all the edible foods from the Plant Kingdom, such as grains, legumes, vegetables, fruits, nuts, and seeds. Dairy and eggs can be added in small amounts in the lacto-ovo-vegetarian subtype, or not at all in the vegan subtype. The abundance of non-processed plant foods-typical of all well-planned diets, including vegetarian ones-can provide the body with numerous protective factors (fiber, phytocompounds), while limiting the intake of harmful nutrients like saturated fats, heme-iron, and cholesterol. The beneficial effects on health of this balance have been reported for many main chronic diseases, in both observational and intervention studies. The scientific literature indicates that vegetarians have a lower risk of certain types of cancer, overall cancer, overweight-obesity, type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and vascular diseases. Since the trend of following a vegetarian diet is increasing among citizens of developed countries, the knowledge in the field will benefit from further studies confirming the consistency of these findings and clarifying the effects of vegetarian diets on other controversial topics.
素食饮食是以植物为基础的饮食，包括植物界所有可食用的食物，如谷物、豆类、蔬菜、水果、坚果和种子。在乳蛋素食亚型中可以少量添加乳制品和蛋类，而在纯素食亚型中则完全不添加。所有精心规划的饮食，包括素食，其典型特征是富含未加工的植物性食物，这些食物可以为身体提供多种保护因子（纤维、植物化合物），同时限制饱和脂肪、血红素铁和胆固醇等有害营养素的摄入。在观察性研究和干预性研究中，均已报道了这种营养平衡对许多主要慢性疾病健康的有益影响。科学文献表明，素食者患某些类型癌症、总体癌症、超重肥胖、2型糖尿病、血脂异常、高血压和血管疾病的风险较低。由于发达国家的公民中遵循素食饮食的趋势正在增加，该领域的知识将受益于进一步的研究，这些研究将证实这些发现的一致性，并阐明素食饮食对其他有争议话题的影响。
