Farkas R, Gyurcsó A, Börzsönyi L
Department of Parasitology and Zoology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Szent István University, Budapest, Hungary.
Med Vet Entomol. 2003 Sep;17(3):301-6. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2915.2003.00443.x.
Bioassays were conducted to study the effect of a single therapeutic dose of injectable ivermectin, doramectin or moxidectin given to cattle and pigs and excreted in their faeces, against larvae of the housefly, Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae). Five cattle were treated with each of the test products. Cattle faecal samples were collected before treatment and on days 1, 2, 3, 6, 10, 16, 20, 23 and 28 after treatment. Three groups of pigs, each comprising 12-14 pregnant sows and gilts, were used in the experiment. Pig faeces was collected from each group before treatment and on days 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15 and 20 after treatment. Thirty, first-stage larvae were placed into 100 g of faeces. Five replicates were examined for each time-point and for each endectocide group. Evaluation was based on the number of larvae surviving to adult emergence. Low numbers of adults emerged from samples taken from cattle 1 day after treatment, indicating that ivermectin and doramectin were rapidly excreted in the faeces and affected the development of the house fly. A larvicidal effect of both drugs in cattle faeces was present for a period of about 3-4 weeks and lasted a few days longer in cattle treated with doramectin than with ivermectin. In cattle, the larvicidal activity of moxidectin was first observed in faecal samples collected 2 days post-treatment; however, it killed fewer larvae than the other two drugs. The larvicidal effect of moxidectin subsequently decreased. Ivermectin and doramectin exhibited a pronounced larvicidal effect against the house fly in the faeces of pigs. The effect of doramectin was of longer duration. Moxidectin gave the weakest larvicidal effect in pig faeces. The main difference between the results obtained for the two livestock species is that peak toxicity occurred relatively later and for a shorter duration in pig than in cattle faeces.
进行了生物测定，以研究给牛和猪注射单剂量治疗用伊维菌素、多拉菌素或莫西菌素后，药物随粪便排出对家蝇（Musca domestica L.，双翅目：蝇科）幼虫的影响。每种测试产品各处理5头牛。在处理前以及处理后的第1、2、3、6、10、16、20、23和28天采集牛粪样本。实验使用了三组猪，每组包括12 - 14头怀孕母猪和后备母猪。在处理前以及处理后的第1、3、5、7、9、11、13、15和20天从每组收集猪粪便。将30条一期幼虫放入100克粪便中。每个时间点和每个体内驱虫药组均检查5个重复样本。评估基于存活至成虫羽化的幼虫数量。处理后1天从牛身上采集的样本中羽化出的成虫数量较少，这表明伊维菌素和多拉菌素在粪便中排泄迅速，并影响家蝇的发育。两种药物在牛粪中的杀幼虫作用持续约3 - 4周，多拉菌素处理的牛粪便中的杀幼虫作用比伊维菌素处理的牛持续长几天。在牛身上，莫西菌素的杀幼虫活性在处理后2天采集的粪便样本中首次观察到；然而，它杀死的幼虫比其他两种药物少。随后莫西菌素的杀幼虫作用下降。伊维菌素和多拉菌素对猪粪便中的家蝇表现出显著的杀幼虫作用。多拉菌素的作用持续时间更长。莫西菌素在猪粪便中的杀幼虫作用最弱。两种家畜物种所得结果的主要差异在于，猪粪便中的毒性峰值出现相对较晚且持续时间较短，而牛粪便中的毒性峰值出现相对较早且持续时间较长。
