Budney Alan J, Moore Brent A, Vandrey Ryan G, Hughes John R
Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, South Burlington 05403, USA.
J Abnorm Psychol. 2003 Aug;112(3):393-402. doi: 10.1037/0021-843x.112.3.393.
Withdrawal symptoms following cessation of heavy cannabis (marijuana) use have been reported, yet their time course and clinical importance have not been established. A 50-day outpatient study assessed 18 marijuana users during a 5-day smoking-as-usual phase followed by a 45-day abstinence phase. Parallel assessment of 12 ex-users was obtained. A withdrawal pattern was observed for aggression, anger, anxiety, decreased appetite, decreased body weight, irritability, restlessness, shakiness, sleep problems, and stomach pain. Onset typically occurred between Days 1-3, peak effects between Days 2-6, and most effects lasted 4-14 days. The magnitude and time course of these effects appeared comparable to tobacco and other withdrawal syndromes. These effects likely contribute to the development of dependence and difficulty stopping use. Criteria for cannabis withdrawal are proposed.
已有报告称，大量使用大麻（ marijuana ）后停止使用会出现戒断症状，但其时间进程和临床重要性尚未确定。一项为期 50 天的门诊研究评估了 18 名大麻使用者，先有一个为期 5 天的照常吸烟阶段，随后是 45 天的禁欲阶段。同时对 12 名曾经的使用者进行了平行评估。观察到在攻击性、愤怒、焦虑、食欲减退、体重减轻、易怒、烦躁不安、颤抖、睡眠问题和胃痛方面出现了戒断模式。发作通常发生在第 1 - 3 天，效应高峰在第 2 - 6 天，大多数效应持续 4 - 14 天。这些效应的程度和时间进程似乎与烟草及其他戒断综合征相当。这些效应可能导致依赖的形成以及停止使用的困难。本文提出了大麻戒断的标准。
