Zhao S, Brands B, Kaduri P, Wickens C M, Hasan O S M, Chen S, Le Foll B, Di Ciano P
Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada.
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
J Cannabis Res. 2024 May 31;6(1):26. doi: 10.1186/s42238-024-00234-y.
Cannabis has been shown to impact driving due to changes produced by delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the psychoactive component of cannabis. Current legal thresholds for blood THC while driving are based predominantly on evidence utilizing smoked cannabis. It is known that levels of THC in blood are lower after eating cannabis as compared to smoking yet the impact of edibles on driving and associated blood THC has never been studied.
Participants drove a driving simulator before and after ingesting their preferred legally purchased cannabis edible. In a counterbalanced control session, participants did not consume any THC or cannabidiol (CBD). Blood was collected for measurement of THC and metabolites as well as CBD. Subjective experience was also assessed.
Participants consumed edibles with, on average, 7.3 mg of THC, which is less than the maximum amount available in a single retail package in Ontario, providing an ecologically valid test of cannabis edibles. Compared to control, cannabis edibles produced a decrease in mean speed 2 h after consumption but not at 4 and 6 h. Under dual task conditions in which participants completed a secondary task while driving, changes in speed were not significant after the correction for multiple comparison. No changes in standard deviation of lateral position (SDLP; 'weaving'), maximum speed, standard deviation of speed or reaction time were found at any time point or under either standard or dual task conditions. Mean THC levels were significantly increased, relative to control, after consuming the edible but remained relatively low at approximately 2.8 ng/mL 2 h after consumption. Driving impairment was not correlated with blood THC. Subjective experience was altered for 7 h and participants were less willing/able to drive for up to 6 h, suggesting that the edible was intoxicating.
This is the first study of the impact of cannabis edibles on simulated driving. Edibles were intoxicating as revealed by the results of subjective assessments (VAS), and there was some impact on driving. Detection of driving impairment after the use of cannabis edibles may be difficult.
大麻已被证明会因大麻的精神活性成分Δ⁹-四氢大麻酚（THC）产生的变化而影响驾驶。当前关于驾驶时血液中THC的法定阈值主要基于使用吸食大麻的证据。众所周知，与吸烟相比，食用大麻后血液中的THC水平较低，但食用大麻制品对驾驶的影响以及相关的血液THC水平从未被研究过。
参与者在摄入他们合法购买的首选大麻食品前后驾驶驾驶模拟器。在一个平衡的对照环节中，参与者不摄入任何THC或大麻二酚（CBD）。采集血液以测量THC及其代谢物以及CBD。还评估了主观体验。
参与者食用的大麻食品平均含有7.3毫克THC，这低于安大略省单个零售包装中可用的最大量，为大麻食品提供了一个生态有效的测试。与对照组相比，食用大麻食品后2小时平均速度降低，但4小时和6小时时没有降低。在参与者驾驶时完成第二项任务的双重任务条件下，经过多重比较校正后速度变化不显著。在任何时间点或标准或双重任务条件下，横向位置标准差（SDLP；“摆动”）、最高速度、速度标准差或反应时间均未发现变化。与对照组相比，食用大麻食品后平均THC水平显著升高，但在食用后2小时仍相对较低，约为2.8纳克/毫升。驾驶能力受损与血液中的THC无关。主观体验在7小时内发生了改变，并在长达6小时内参与者不太愿意/能够驾驶，这表明食用大麻食品具有致醉作用。
这是第一项关于大麻食品对模拟驾驶影响的研究。主观评估（视觉模拟评分法）结果显示，食用大麻食品具有致醉作用，并且对驾驶有一定影响。使用大麻食品后检测驾驶能力受损可能很困难。
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