Ross Scott R, Rausch M Karega, Canada Kelli E
Department of Psychology, DePauw University, Greencastle, IN 46135, USA.
J Psychol. 2003 Jul;137(4):323-37. doi: 10.1080/00223980309600617.
The authors investigated the relationship between basic achievement orientations of competition and cooperation and the five-factor model of personality as measured by the Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R; P. T. Costa & R. R. McCrae, 1992). They examined 2 types of competition: hypercompetition (R. M. Ryckman, B. Thornton, & J. C. Butler, 1994) and personal development competition (R. M. Ryckman, M. Hammer, L. M. Kaczor, & J. A. Gold, 1996), as conceptualized by K. Horney (1937). In a sample of 251 young adults, 14% to 38% of the variance in achievement orientations was collectively predicted by NEO-PI-R domain scales. Of NEO-PI-R predictors, Agreeableness was most important in characterizing differences between various achievement orientations; Agreeableness was negatively related to hypercompetition, positively related to cooperation, and unrelated to personal development competition. Extraversion was positively related to both cooperation and personal development competition but was unrelated to hypercompetition. In contrast, Openness and Conscientiousness were least helpful in differentiating among achievement orientations. These findings support the useful application of the NEO-PI-R in achievement research and highlight competition and cooperation as interpersonally laden achievement orientations.
作者研究了竞争与合作的基本成就取向与由修订版大五人格量表（NEO-PI-R；P.T. 科斯塔和R.R. 麦克雷，1992年）所测量的人格五因素模型之间的关系。他们考察了两种类型的竞争：由K. 霍妮（1937年）概念化的超竞争（R.M. 里克曼、B. 桑顿和J.C. 巴特勒，1994年）和个人发展竞争（R.M. 里克曼、M. 哈默、L.M. 卡佐尔和J.A. 戈尔德，1996年）。在一个由251名年轻人组成的样本中，NEO-PI-R领域量表共同预测了成就取向中14%至38%的方差。在NEO-PI-R的预测因素中，宜人性在刻画不同成就取向之间的差异时最为重要；宜人性与超竞争呈负相关，与合作呈正相关，与个人发展竞争无关。外向性与合作和个人发展竞争均呈正相关，但与超竞争无关。相比之下，开放性和尽责性在区分成就取向方面最无帮助。这些发现支持了NEO-PI-R在成就研究中的有效应用，并突出了竞争与合作作为人际负载的成就取向。
