Morris Helen, Ozanne Anne
Department of Speech Pathology, Royal Children's Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
Cleft Palate Craniofac J. 2003 Sep;40(5):460-70. doi: 10.1597/1545-1569_2003_040_0460_ppalso_2.0.co_2.
To evaluate the language, phonetic, and phonological skills at age 3 years of two groups of young children with a cleft palate, with different expressive language proficiency at 2 years of age.
Two groups of children with a cleft palate with differing abilities in early expressive language skills were identified at age 2 years. Comparisons across groups were made over a range of speech and language measures at age 3 years.
Twenty children with cleft palate were allocated to two groups dependent on expressive language abilities at age 2 years. One group had normal language development, and the second group had been identified as having significantly delayed (8 to 12 months' delay) expressive language development.
The children were assessed at 3 years of age using standardized assessments and spontaneous speech samples. Comparisons between the two groups were made on a range of language measures including comprehension, expressive language, and speech.
Group differences were found on both language and speech abilities at age 3 years. Significant group differences were found in expressive language, percentage of consonants correct, phonetic inventory, and phonological process usage. The group with delayed early expressive language abilities at 2 years continued to have expressive language difficulties at 3 years of age and had more disordered speech development, compared with the nondelayed group.
A subgroup of children with a cleft palate was identified who exhibited delays in early expressive language and continued to have delayed language and disordered phonological patterns at a later age. Support for three possible etiologies including a structural/anatomical deficit, cognitive/linguistic delay, or language/phonological disorder are discussed.
评估两组腭裂幼儿在3岁时的语言、语音和音系技能，这两组幼儿在2岁时具有不同的表达性语言能力。
在2岁时确定两组腭裂幼儿，他们在早期表达性语言技能方面能力不同。在3岁时对两组幼儿在一系列言语和语言指标上进行比较。
20名腭裂儿童根据2岁时的表达性语言能力被分为两组。一组语言发育正常，另一组被确定为表达性语言发育明显延迟（延迟8至12个月）。
在3岁时使用标准化评估和自发言语样本对儿童进行评估。对两组儿童在一系列语言指标上进行比较，包括理解、表达性语言和言语。
在3岁时，两组在语言和言语能力方面均存在差异。在表达性语言、辅音正确率、语音清单和音系过程使用方面发现了显著的组间差异。与未延迟组相比，2岁时早期表达性语言能力延迟的组在3岁时仍存在表达性语言困难，且言语发展更紊乱。
确定了一组腭裂儿童，他们在早期表达性语言方面存在延迟，并且在后期继续存在语言延迟和音系模式紊乱。讨论了对三种可能病因的支持，包括结构/解剖缺陷、认知/语言延迟或语言/音系障碍。
