Antonelli M, Pennisi M A, Conti G
Istituto di Anestesiologia e Rianimazione, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.
Eur Respir J Suppl. 2003 Aug;42:65s-71s. doi: 10.1183/09031936.03.00421003.
Noninvasive ventilation (NIV) includes various techniques for augmenting alveolar ventilation without an endotracheal airway. The theoretical advantages of this approach include avoiding the complications associated with endotracheal intubation, improving patient comfort, preserving airway defence mechanisms, speech and swallowing. The successful application of NIV in hypoxaemic acute respiratory failure (ARF) of varied etiologies has been extensively described but success rate is strictly dependent on ARF etiology and until today the application of NIV strategies in the setting of hypoxaemic ARF is controversial. Larger, controlled studies are required to clarify the role of NIV in the setting of hypoxaemic ARF. The correct choice of the patient ventilator interface is a crucial issue in noninvasive ventilation. The study of new interfaces could improve tolerability reducing the noninvasive ventilation failure rate.
无创通气（NIV）包括多种在没有气管内气道的情况下增加肺泡通气的技术。这种方法的理论优势包括避免与气管插管相关的并发症、提高患者舒适度、保留气道防御机制、言语和吞咽功能。无创通气在各种病因导致的低氧性急性呼吸衰竭（ARF）中的成功应用已有广泛描述，但成功率严格取决于急性呼吸衰竭的病因，直到如今，无创通气策略在低氧性急性呼吸衰竭中的应用仍存在争议。需要开展更大规模的对照研究，以阐明无创通气在低氧性急性呼吸衰竭中的作用。正确选择患者与呼吸机的接口是无创通气中的一个关键问题。对新型接口的研究可以提高耐受性，降低无创通气失败率。
