城市扩张作为机动车驾乘人员和行人死亡的一个风险因素。
Urban sprawl as a risk factor in motor vehicle occupant and pedestrian fatalities.
作者信息
Ewing Reid, Schieber Richard A, Zegeer Charles V
机构信息
Alan M. Voorhees Transportation Center, Edward J. Bloustein School of Planning and Public Policy, Rutgers University, 33 Livingston Avenue, Room 363, New Brunswick, NJ 08901-1900, USA.
出版信息
Am J Public Health. 2003 Sep;93(9):1541-5. doi: 10.2105/ajph.93.9.1541.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES
We sought to determine the association between urban sprawl and traffic fatalities.
METHODS
We created a sprawl index by applying principal components analysis to data for 448 US counties in the largest 101 metropolitan areas. Regression analysis was used to determine associations between the index and traffic fatalities.
RESULTS
For every 1% increase in the index (i.e., more compact, less sprawl), all-mode traffic fatality rates fell by 1.49% (P <.001) and pedestrian fatality rates fell by 1.47% to 3.56%, after adjustment for pedestrian exposure (P <.001).
CONCLUSIONS
Urban sprawl was directly related to traffic fatalities and pedestrian fatalities. Subsequent studies should investigate relationships at a finer geographic scale and should strive to improve on the measure of exposure used to adjust pedestrian fatality rates.
摘要
目的
我们试图确定城市扩张与交通死亡事故之间的关联。
方法
我们通过对101个最大都市区的448个美国县的数据应用主成分分析来创建一个扩张指数。回归分析用于确定该指数与交通死亡事故之间的关联。
结果
在调整行人暴露因素后，指数每增加1%（即更紧凑、扩张程度更低），全模式交通死亡率下降1.49%（P<.001），行人死亡率下降1.47%至3.56%（P<.001）。
结论
城市扩张与交通死亡事故和行人死亡事故直接相关。后续研究应在更精细的地理尺度上调查关系，并应努力改进用于调整行人死亡率的暴露测量方法。
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