Roberts I G, Keall M D, Frith W J
Department of Community Health, University of Auckland, New Zealand.
J Paediatr Child Health. 1994 Jun;30(3):220-3. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1754.1994.tb00622.x.
The authors used data from the New Zealand Household Travel Survey to examine the extent to which children's pedestrian exposure varies with age, sex and household income. Pedestrian injury morbidity data were combined with pedestrian exposure data to examine age-specific pedestrian injury risk. The annual number of road crossings for girls was greater than that for boys. Pedestrian exposure increased with increasing age. Children aged 5-9 years in the lowest household income bracket crossed approximately 50% more roads than those in the middle and upper income brackets. However, for children aged 10-14 years there was little variation with household income. Sex differences in pedestrian injury rates cannot be explained by differences in exposure although increased exposure may partly explain the increased injury rates for children in lower socio-economic groups. Prevention strategies might aim to reduce pedestrian exposure for alternatively to reduce pedestrian injury risk per unit of exposure by making safer urban living environments.
作者利用新西兰家庭出行调查的数据，研究儿童行人暴露程度随年龄、性别和家庭收入的变化情况。将行人受伤发病率数据与行人暴露数据相结合，以研究特定年龄的行人受伤风险。女孩每年过马路的次数多于男孩。行人暴露随着年龄增长而增加。家庭收入最低的5至9岁儿童过马路的次数比中等收入和高收入家庭的儿童多约50%。然而，对于10至14岁的儿童，家庭收入差异对其过马路次数影响不大。尽管暴露增加可能部分解释了社会经济地位较低群体儿童受伤率上升的原因，但行人受伤率的性别差异无法用暴露差异来解释。预防策略可能旨在减少行人暴露，或者通过打造更安全的城市生活环境来降低单位暴露的行人受伤风险。
