Scharlau Ingrid, Neumann Odmar
Department of Psychology, Bielefeld University, P.O. Box 100131, D-33501 Bielefeld, Germany.
Psychol Res. 2003 Aug;67(3):184-96. doi: 10.1007/s00426-002-0116-3. Epub 2003 Feb 25.
Four experiments investigated the influence of a metacontrast-masked prime on temporal order judgments. The main results were (1) that a masked prime reduced the latency of the mask's conscious perception (perceptual latency priming), (2) that this effect was independent of whether the prime suffered strong or weak masking, (3) that it was unaffected by the degree of visual similarity between the prime and the mask, and that (4) there was no difference between congruent and incongruent primes. Finding (1) suggests that location cueing affects not only response times but also the latency of conscious perception. (2) The finding that priming was unaffected by the prime's detectability argues against a response bias interpretation of this effect. (3) Since visual similarity had no effect on the prime's efficiency, it is unlikely that sensory priming was involved. (4) The lack of a divergence between the effects of congruent and incongruent primes implies a functional difference between the judgments in the temporal order judgment task and speeded responses that have demonstrated differential effects of congruent and incongruent primes (e.g., Klotz & Neumann, 1999). These results can best be interpreted by assuming that the prime affects perceptual latency by initiating a shift of attention, as suggested by the Asynchronous Updating Model (AUM; Neumann 1978, 1982).
四项实验研究了元对比掩蔽启动刺激对时间顺序判断的影响。主要结果如下：（1）掩蔽启动刺激缩短了掩蔽刺激的意识感知潜伏期（感知潜伏期启动效应）；（2）这一效应与启动刺激受到强掩蔽还是弱掩蔽无关；（3）它不受启动刺激与掩蔽刺激之间视觉相似程度的影响；（4）一致启动刺激和不一致启动刺激之间没有差异。结果（1）表明位置提示不仅影响反应时间，还影响意识感知的潜伏期。（2）启动效应不受启动刺激可检测性影响这一结果，反驳了对此效应的反应偏差解释。（3）由于视觉相似性对启动刺激的效率没有影响，所以不太可能涉及感觉启动效应。（4）一致启动刺激和不一致启动刺激的效应没有差异，这意味着在时间顺序判断任务中的判断与已证明一致和不一致启动刺激有不同效应的快速反应之间存在功能差异（例如，Klotz和Neumann，1999）。正如异步更新模型（AUM；Neumann，1978年，1982年）所表明的，这些结果最好通过假设启动刺激通过引发注意力转移来影响感知潜伏期来解释。
