Cummings K Michael, Hyland Andrew, Perla Jeanne, Giovino Gary A
Department of Cancer Prevention, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo NY 14263, USA.
Nicotine Tob Res. 2003 Aug;5(4):465-71.
This study correlated measures of youth smoking behavior with community-level indicators of retailer compliance with a minors' tobacco access law. The study was carried out between 1992 and 1996 in 12 communities in Erie County, New York. Retailer compliance was assessed by having adolescents attempt to purchase tobacco products in licensed tobacco-selling outlets in fall 1994 and fall 1995 after implementation of an aggressive enforcement program. Communities were grouped in two ways: (a) those that did or did not increase retailer compliance rates by 200% or more between 1994 and 1995 and (b) those that did or did not achieve an 80% retailer compliance rate in 1995. School-based surveys conducted in 1992 and 1996 assessed the tobacco use behaviors of ninth-grade public school students. Between 1994 and 1995, retailer compliance increased in all 12 communities by an average of 155%. In 1995, six of the 12 communities achieved retailer compliance rates in excess of 80%. Indicators of youth smoking behavior did not vary significantly between communities that increased their retailer compliance rates by more or less than 200%. The prevalence of past 30-day smoking remained stable between 1992 and 1996 in the six communities that achieved a retailer compliance rate of at least 80% and increased slightly in the remaining communities. The prevalence of frequent smoking decreased between 1992 and 1996 in the communities that achieved a retailer compliance rate of at least 80% and increased slightly in the six communities that failed to achieve this rate. Achieving a high rate of retailer compliance with a minors' access law appears to have caused youths to rely more on noncommercial sources of cigarettes and may have had a small effect on adolescent smoking prevalence, especially frequent smoking.
本研究将青少年吸烟行为的相关指标与零售商遵守未成年人烟草销售限制法的社区层面指标进行了关联分析。该研究于1992年至1996年在纽约伊利县的12个社区开展。在实施一项积极的执法计划后，于1994年秋季和1995年秋季让青少年尝试在有执照的烟草销售点购买烟草产品，以此评估零售商的合规情况。社区被分为两种类型：(a) 1994年至1995年间零售商合规率提高了200%或更多的社区与未提高的社区；(b) 1995年零售商合规率达到或未达到80%的社区。1992年和1996年开展的校内调查评估了九年级公立学校学生的烟草使用行为。1994年至1995年间，所有12个社区的零售商合规率平均提高了155%。1995年，12个社区中有6个社区的零售商合规率超过了80%。零售商合规率提高幅度超过或低于200%的社区之间，青少年吸烟行为指标没有显著差异。在零售商合规率至少达到80%的6个社区中，过去30天吸烟率在1992年至1996年间保持稳定，而在其余社区略有上升。在零售商合规率至少达到80%的社区中，频繁吸烟率在1992年至1996年间有所下降，而在未达到该比率的6个社区中略有上升。实现零售商对未成年人销售限制法的高合规率似乎使青少年更多地依赖非商业渠道获取香烟，并且可能对青少年吸烟率，尤其是频繁吸烟率产生了微小影响。
