Raymond S L, Smith T K, Swamy H V L N
Equine Research Centre, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
J Anim Sci. 2003 Sep;81(9):2123-30. doi: 10.2527/2003.8192123x.
The feeding of Fusarium mycotoxin-contaminated grains adversely affects the performance of swine and poultry. Very little information is available, however, on adverse effects associated with feeding these mycotoxin-contaminated grains on the performance of horses. An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of feeding a blend of grains naturally contaminated with Fusarium mycotoxins on feed intake, serum immunoglobulin (Ig) concentrations, serum chemistry, and hematology of horses. A polymeric glucomannan mycotoxin adsorbent (GM polymer) was also tested for efficacy in preventing Fusarium mycotoxicoses. Nine mature, nonexercising, light, mixed-breed mares were assigned randomly to one of three dietary treatments for 21 d. The horses were randomly reassigned and the experiment was subsequently replicated in time following a 14-d washout interval. Feed consumed each day was a combination of up to 2.8 kg of concentrates and 5 kg of mixed timothy/alfalfa hay. The concentrates fed included the following: 1) control, 2) blend of contaminated grains (36% contaminated wheat and 53% contaminated corn), and 3) blend of contaminated grains + 0.2% GM polymer. Diets containing contaminated grains averaged 15.0 ppm of deoxynivalenol, 0.8 ppm of 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol, 9.7 ppm of fusaric acid, and 2.0 ppm of zearalenone. Feed intake by all horses fed contaminated grains was reduced (P < 0.001) compared with controls throughout the experiment. Supplementation of 0.2% GM polymer to the contaminated diet increased (P = 0.004) feed intake of horses compared with those fed the unsupplemented contaminated diet. Serum activities of gamma-glutamyltransferase were higher (P = 0.047 and 0.027) in horses fed the diet containing contaminated grain compared with those fed the control diet on d 7 and 14, but not on d 21 (P = 0.273). Supplementation of GM polymer to the contaminated diet decreased (P < 0.05) serum gamma-glutamyltransferase activities of horses compared with those fed unsupplemented contaminated diet on d 7 and 14. Other hematology and serum chemistry measurements including serum IgM, IgG, and IgA, were not affected by diet. It was concluded that the feeding of grains naturally contaminated with Fusarium mycotoxins caused a decrease in feed intake and altered serum gamma glutamyltransferase activities. The supplementation of GM polymer prevented these mycotoxin-induced adverse effects.
饲喂被镰刀菌霉菌毒素污染的谷物会对猪和家禽的生产性能产生不利影响。然而，关于饲喂这些被霉菌毒素污染的谷物对马匹生产性能的不利影响，目前几乎没有相关信息。本试验旨在研究饲喂天然被镰刀菌霉菌毒素污染的谷物混合物对马匹采食量、血清免疫球蛋白（Ig）浓度、血清生化指标和血液学指标的影响。同时还测试了一种聚合葡甘露聚糖霉菌毒素吸附剂（GM聚合物）预防镰刀菌霉菌毒素中毒的效果。将9匹成熟、不运动、轻型、混种母马随机分为3种日粮处理组之一，为期21天。马匹被随机重新分组，在14天的洗脱期后，该试验及时重复进行。每天消耗的饲料是最多2.8千克精饲料和5千克提摩西/苜蓿混合干草的组合。所饲喂的精饲料包括：1）对照组，2）污染谷物混合物（36%污染小麦和53%污染玉米），3）污染谷物混合物+0.2%GM聚合物。含有污染谷物的日粮平均含有15.0 ppm脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇、0.8 ppm 15-乙酰脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇、9.7 ppm镰刀菌酸和2.0 ppm玉米赤霉烯酮。在整个试验过程中，与对照组相比，所有饲喂污染谷物的马匹采食量均降低（P<0.001）。与饲喂未添加GM聚合物的污染日粮的马匹相比，在污染日粮中添加0.2%GM聚合物可提高（P = 0.004）马匹的采食量。在第7天和第14天，与饲喂对照日粮的马匹相比，饲喂含有污染谷物日粮的马匹血清γ-谷氨酰转移酶活性更高（P = 0.047和0.027），但在第21天则无差异（P = 0.273）。与饲喂未添加GM聚合物的污染日粮的马匹相比，在污染日粮中添加GM聚合物可降低（P<0.05）马匹在第7天和第14天的血清γ-谷氨酰转移酶活性。其他血液学和血清生化指标，包括血清IgM、IgG和IgA，不受日粮影响。得出的结论是，饲喂天然被镰刀菌霉菌毒素污染的谷物会导致采食量下降，并改变血清γ-谷氨酰转移酶活性。添加GM聚合物可预防这些霉菌毒素引起的不利影响。
