Marzio L
Department of Medicine and Ageing, G. d'Annunzio University, Chieti-Pescara, Italy.
Dig Liver Dis. 2003 Jul;35 Suppl 3:S17-9. doi: 10.1016/s1590-8658(03)00088-4.
Various drugs and medications that inhibit or stimulate gallbladder contraction and basal tone in humans are described. Active gallbladder contraction may be achieved using synthetic hormones such as cholecystokinin, caerulein and motilin, cholinomimetic drugs such as bethanecol, prostigmine, and erythromycin due to its motilin-like effect. Furthermore, cisapride and cholestyramine, may have some excitatory activity on the gallbladder muscle. Intravenous amino acids also induce gallbladder contraction through the release of cholecystokinin. Inhibition of gallbladder contraction induced by a meal, or reduction of the basal fasting tone may be achieved by using atropine and other cholinergics, and by inhibitory hormones such as somatostatin, the nitric acid releaser arginine, the calcium channel antagonist nifedipine, and progesterone. Other drugs such as trimebutine, loperamide and ondansetron may negatively affect gallbladder contraction.
本文描述了多种抑制或刺激人体胆囊收缩及基础张力的药物。使用合成激素如胆囊收缩素、蛙皮素和胃动素，以及拟胆碱药物如氨甲酰甲胆碱、新斯的明和具有胃动素样作用的红霉素，可实现胆囊的主动收缩。此外，西沙必利和消胆胺可能对胆囊肌肉有一定的兴奋作用。静脉注射氨基酸也可通过释放胆囊收缩素诱导胆囊收缩。使用阿托品及其他胆碱能药物，以及生长抑素、硝酸释放剂精氨酸、钙通道拮抗剂硝苯地平和孕酮等抑制性激素，可抑制进餐引起的胆囊收缩或降低基础空腹张力。其他药物如曲美布汀、洛哌丁胺和昂丹司琼可能对胆囊收缩产生负面影响。
