Plagemann P G, Moennig V
Department of Microbiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis 55455.
Adv Virus Res. 1992;41:99-192. doi: 10.1016/s0065-3527(08)60036-6.
The last comprehensive reviews of nonarbotogaviruses included discussions on pestiviruses, rubella virus, lactate dehydrogenase-elevating virus (LDV), equine arteritis virus (EAV), simian hemorrhagic fever virus (SHFV), cell fusion agent, and nonarboflaviviruses. The inclusion of all these viruses in the family Togaviridae was largely based on the similarities in morphological and physical–chemical properties of these viruses, and in the sizes and polarities of their genomes. In the intervening years, considerable new information on the replication strategies of these viruses and the structure and organization of their genomes has become available that has led to the reclassification or suggestions for reclassification of some of them. The replication strategy of EAV resembles that of the coronaviruses, involving a 3'-coterminal nested set of mRNAs. Therefore, EAV has been suggested to be included in a virus superfamily, along with coronaviruses and toroviruses. Recent evidence indicates that LDV not only resembles EAV in morphology, virion and genome size, and number and size of their structural proteins, but also in genome organization and replication via a 3'-coterminal set of mRNAs. SHFV, although not fully characterized, exhibits properties resembling those of LDV and EAV, and the recent evidence suggest that it may possess the same genome organization as these viruses. The three viruses may, therefore, represent a new family of positive-strand RNA viruses and are reviewed together in this chapter. In this chapter, emphasis is on the recent information concerning their molecular properties and pathogenesis and and on the host immune responses to infections by these viruses.
上一次对非虫媒病毒的全面综述涵盖了瘟病毒、风疹病毒、乳酸脱氢酶升高病毒（LDV）、马动脉炎病毒（EAV）、猴出血热病毒（SHFV）、细胞融合因子以及非虫媒黄病毒。将所有这些病毒归入披膜病毒科主要是基于它们在形态学和物理化学性质以及基因组大小和极性方面的相似性。在这期间，已获得了大量关于这些病毒复制策略以及基因组结构和组织的新信息，这些信息导致对其中一些病毒进行了重新分类或提出了重新分类的建议。EAV的复制策略类似于冠状病毒，涉及一组3' 共末端嵌套的mRNA。因此，有人建议将EAV与冠状病毒和环曲病毒一起归入一个病毒超家族。最近的证据表明，LDV不仅在形态、病毒体和基因组大小以及结构蛋白的数量和大小方面与EAV相似，而且在基因组组织和通过一组3' 共末端mRNA进行复制方面也与EAV相似。SHFV虽然尚未完全表征，但表现出与LDV和EAV相似的特性，最近的证据表明它可能具有与这些病毒相同的基因组组织。因此，这三种病毒可能代表了一个新的正链RNA病毒家族，本章将对它们进行综合综述。本章重点关注有关它们分子特性和发病机制的最新信息，以及宿主对这些病毒感染的免疫反应。
