A novel family of cell surface receptors with tyrosine kinase-like domain.

Human cDNA clones encoding two novel proteins with a region strongly homologous to the tyrosine kinase domain of growth factor receptors, in particular of the Trk family, were obtained by a polymerase chain reaction-based approach. These proteins, Ror1 and Ror2, share 58% overall amino acid identity and a structure indicative of cell surface molecules. A secretion signal sequence and a transmembrane domain delimit the extracellular portion, which contains immunoglobulin-like, cysteine-rich, and kringle domains. The cytoplasmic portion contains the tyrosine kinase-like domain which (in Ror2) appears to be associated with protein kinase activity in vitro, followed by serine/threonine- and proline-rich motifs. Partial nucleotide sequences of the rat genes reveal striking evolutionary conservation of the proteins between human and rat. The level of expression of the rat genes is high in the head and body of early embryo and decreases dramatically after embryonic day 16. Based on these data, Ror1 and Ror2 appear to define a new developmentally regulated family of cell surface receptors for unidentified ligands.