Templeton N S
Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892.
Diagn Mol Pathol. 1992 Mar;1(1):58-72. doi: 10.1097/00019606-199203000-00008.
The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) uses in vitro enzymatic synthesis to amplify specific DNA sequences. PCR amplification can produce approximately 100 billion copies of one molecule of DNA in a few hours. PCR has revolutionized research in the biological sciences and medicine, and has influenced criminology and law. Several major scientific discoveries, including purification of DNA polymerase and elucidation of the mechanism of DNA replication, were essential for development of the present PCR technology. An overview of these discoveries and early work on in vitro DNA synthesis are presented. Basic PCR methodology, instrumentation, advanced PCR techniques, and applications are also discussed in this review. Several new amplification systems are mentioned. PCR is an extremely important and simple technology for research and diagnostic analyses of DNA and RNA. PCR technology and other amplification procedures will continue to produce novel applications in basic research and clinical medicine.
聚合酶链反应（PCR）利用体外酶促合成来扩增特定的DNA序列。PCR扩增能在数小时内产生约1000亿个某一DNA分子的拷贝。PCR彻底改变了生物科学和医学研究，并对犯罪学和法律产生了影响。包括DNA聚合酶的纯化以及DNA复制机制的阐明在内的几项重大科学发现，对于当前PCR技术的发展至关重要。本文将概述这些发现以及体外DNA合成的早期工作。本综述还将讨论基本的PCR方法、仪器、先进的PCR技术及其应用。文中提到了几种新的扩增系统。PCR是用于DNA和RNA研究及诊断分析的一项极其重要且简单的技术。PCR技术和其他扩增程序将继续在基础研究和临床医学中产生新的应用。
