Cilley R E
Division of Pediatric Surgery, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey.
Semin Pediatr Surg. 1992 Aug;1(3):174-80.
Intraarterial access is used to provide continuous monitoring of systemic arterial blood pressure and to provide access to sample arterial blood. The use of chronic indwelling arterial catheters became commonplace in the 1970s and was rapidly adapted to the care of infants and children. The placement of intraarterial catheters can be technically challenging for even the most experienced surgeon, especially in small infants. Arterial catheters can directly injure vessels, resulting in thrombosis or occlusion. Distal embolization or ischemia can also occur. Catheter flushing may cause retrograde flow with the potential for embolization at remote sites. Local insertion site complications, such as hematoma, hemorrhage, and infection, can occur. Arterial catheters can also be a source of systemic sepsis. Although the risks and complication rates are low, the potential for devastating injury exists and deserves the greatest respect whenever placement of an arterial catheter is contemplated.
动脉内通路用于持续监测体循环动脉血压以及获取动脉血样本。慢性留置动脉导管的使用在20世纪70年代变得普遍，并迅速应用于婴幼儿护理。即使是经验最丰富的外科医生，放置动脉导管在技术上也可能具有挑战性，尤其是在小婴儿中。动脉导管可能直接损伤血管，导致血栓形成或阻塞。也可能发生远端栓塞或缺血。导管冲洗可能导致逆流，有在远处部位发生栓塞的可能性。可能会出现局部插入部位并发症，如血肿、出血和感染。动脉导管也可能是全身性败血症的一个来源。尽管风险和并发症发生率较低，但存在造成严重损伤的可能性，因此每当考虑放置动脉导管时都应给予高度重视。
