Laegreid L, Hagberg G, Lundberg A
Department of Pediatrics II, University of Göteborg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Neuropediatrics. 1992 Apr;23(2):60-7. doi: 10.1055/s-2008-1071314.
Growth and neurodevelopment at 6, 10 and 18 months of age have been studied prospectively and longitudinally in a series of 17 children born to mothers who used benzodiazepines (BZD) in therapeutic doses as their only psychotropic drug throughout pregnancy. The results were compared with a group of 29 children born to mothers without any known use of psychotropic drugs. The BZD-exposed children caught up their low mean birth-weight, at an early stage, whereas the slightly decreased head circumference at birth remained at the same low level. In five infants, a pattern of craniofacial anomalies was found. Deviating neurodevelopmental and clinical symptoms and signs were common. The gross motor development was retarded at 6 and 10 months, but was nearly normal at 18 months. Impaired fine motor functions were found on all follow-up occasions. At 18 months, the most prominent finding was a delayed development of pincer grasp. The BZD-exposed children showed deviations in muscle tone and pattern of movements more frequently than children in the reference group. The study suggests that the use of BZD in therapeutic doses throughout pregnancy can have negative effects on the development of children up to 18 months of age. The long-term hazards cannot be evaluated from these results. A further follow-up at early school age is needed and is in progress.
对17名母亲在整个孕期使用治疗剂量苯二氮䓬类药物（BZD）作为唯一精神药物所生儿童进行了前瞻性和纵向研究，观察其6个月、10个月和18个月时的生长及神经发育情况。将结果与29名母亲未使用任何已知精神药物所生儿童组成的对照组进行比较。暴露于BZD的儿童在早期赶上了其较低的平均出生体重，而出生时略小的头围仍维持在较低水平。在5名婴儿中发现了颅面部异常模式。神经发育和临床症状及体征异常很常见。6个月和10个月时大运动发育迟缓，但18个月时接近正常。在所有随访中均发现精细运动功能受损。18个月时，最突出的发现是钳握发育延迟。暴露于BZD的儿童比对照组儿童更频繁地出现肌张力和运动模式异常。该研究表明，孕期全程使用治疗剂量的BZD可能对18个月龄以内儿童的发育产生负面影响。这些结果无法评估长期危害。目前正在对学龄早期儿童进行进一步随访。
