Kuhnlein H V
School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
Arctic Med Res. 1991;Suppl:728-30.
Changing food preferences and health beliefs are resulting in a decline in use of traditional Inuit foods and an increase in use marketed foods. These changes are associated by many researchers with a variety of health concerns that currently are increasing among Inuit populations. Recent food composition studies have facilitated evaluation of dietary intakes of nutrients and organochlorine contaminants. In one Baffin Inuit community, traditional Inuit food species were found to still be a major component of women's diets, and to make a significantly greater contribution than marketed foods for certain nutrients; however on the annual average marketed foods contributed greater amounts of total dietary energy, fat and calcium. Vitamin A and calcium were found to be routinely below recommended amounts in women's diets. PCBs and toxaphene's were contained in the diet in fatty sea mammal tissues; however the average woman's diet, on the annual basis, contained less than one-third of the provisional tolerable levels of these organochlorine contaminants. The diets of the Inuit, as of all Indigenous People, are not comprised solely of the historically traditional foods; however these foods are still vitally important as a source of nutrients and cultural definition. The presence of industry-derived organochlorine contaminants in Inuit food species is yet another demonstration that action is needed on environmental protection by local, national and international agencies.
食物偏好和健康观念的变化导致因纽特人对传统食物的摄入量减少，对市场销售食品的摄入量增加。许多研究人员将这些变化与因纽特人群中目前日益增多的各种健康问题联系起来。最近的食物成分研究有助于评估营养素和有机氯污染物的膳食摄入量。在巴芬岛的一个因纽特社区，人们发现传统的因纽特食物种类仍是女性饮食的主要组成部分，并且在某些营养素方面比市场销售食品的贡献显著更大；然而，从年均来看，市场销售食品提供的膳食总能量、脂肪和钙的量更多。研究发现，女性饮食中的维生素A和钙通常低于推荐量。多氯联苯和毒杀芬存在于海洋哺乳动物脂肪组织的饮食中；然而，从年均来看，普通女性的饮食中这些有机氯污染物的含量不到暂定可耐受水平的三分之一。与所有原住民一样，因纽特人的饮食并不完全由历史上的传统食物组成；然而，这些食物作为营养来源和文化定义仍然至关重要。因纽特食物种类中存在工业来源的有机氯污染物，这再次表明地方、国家和国际机构需要采取行动保护环境。
