Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Research Innovation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
J Hum Nutr Diet. 2013 Dec;26(6):578-86. doi: 10.1111/jhn.12091. Epub 2013 Mar 13.
Inuit in Nunavut, Canada, are currently undergoing a nutritional transition that may contribute to an increased prevalence of chronic disease. Information is lacking about the extent to which contemporary Inuit diets are meeting current dietary recommendations.
A culturally appropriate quantitative food frequency questionnaire (QFFQ) developed and validated for Inuit in Nunavut, Canada, was used to assess food and nutrient intake in a cross-sectional sample of adults.
Participants included 175 women and 36 men with mean (SD) ages of 42.4 (13.2) and 42.1 (15.0) years, respectively. The response rate for those who completed the study was 79% with 208 QFFQs included for analysis. Reported mean daily energy intakes were: men 15,171 kJ (3626 kcal); women 11,593 kJ (2771 kcal). Dietary inadequacy was expressed as the percentage of participants reporting intakes below the sex- and age-specific estimated average requirements (EARs). For nutrients without EARs, adequate intakes were used. Energy and sodium intakes exceeded the recommendations. Less than 10% of participants met recommendations for dietary fibre intake. Vitamin E intakes were below EARs for ≥97% of participants, whereas >20% reported inadequate vitamin A, folate and magnesium intakes. Among women, >50% reported inadequate calcium and vitamin D intakes. Non-nutrient-dense foods contributed 30% of energy, 73% of sugars and 22% of fat. Traditional foods contributed 56% of protein and 49% of iron.
The present study demonstrates a relatively high prevalence of inadequate nutrient intakes among Inuit. The results may be used to monitor the nutrition transition among Inuit, evaluate nutritional interventions, and inform public health policy decision-making.
加拿大努纳武特地区的因纽特人目前正经历着营养转型，这可能导致慢性病的发病率上升。目前有关当代因纽特人的饮食在多大程度上符合当前饮食建议的信息还很缺乏。
本研究使用一种为加拿大努纳武特地区的因纽特人制定并验证的文化适宜的定量食物频率问卷（QFFQ），评估了横断面样本中成年人的食物和营养素摄入情况。
参与者包括 175 名女性和 36 名男性，平均（标准差）年龄分别为 42.4（13.2）和 42.1（15.0）岁。完成研究的应答率为 79%，共纳入 208 份 QFFQ 进行分析。报告的平均每日能量摄入量为：男性 15171kJ（3626kcal）；女性 11593kJ（2771kcal）。膳食不足用报告摄入量低于特定性别和年龄的估计平均需求量（EAR）的参与者百分比表示。对于没有 EAR 的营养素，采用充足摄入量。能量和钠的摄入量超过了建议量。只有不到 10%的参与者达到了膳食纤维的推荐摄入量。维生素 E 的摄入量低于 EAR 的比例≥97%，而超过 20%的人报告维生素 A、叶酸和镁摄入不足。在女性中，超过 50%的人报告钙和维生素 D 摄入不足。非营养密集型食物提供了 30%的能量、73%的糖和 22%的脂肪。传统食物提供了 56%的蛋白质和 49%的铁。
本研究表明，因纽特人普遍存在营养摄入不足的情况。研究结果可用于监测因纽特人的营养转型，评估营养干预措施，并为公共卫生政策决策提供信息。
