Santos-Torres Maria Irene, Vásquez-Garibay Edgar
Hospital General de Occidente, Secretaría de Salud, Zapopan, Jalisco, México.
J Health Popul Nutr. 2003 Jun;21(2):142-9.
This cross-sectional study was carried out in Guadalajara, Mexico, during 1998-1999 to identify food taboos among nursing mothers who participated in a breast-feeding support programme. The study included 493 nursing mothers who were interviewed 10-45 days after delivery. A chi-square test was used for finding an association among food taboos, mother's characteristics, and demographic variables. 50.3% of the mothers avoided at least one food in their diet after childbirth due to beliefs that it was harmful during breast-feeding. Forty-seven percent avoided three or more foods. Fruits and vegetables (62%) and legumes (20%) were the most-avoided foods. These food taboos were associated with living more than 10 years in Guadalajara city (odds ratio [OR] 1.95 [1.25-3.09], p = 0.002), breast-feeding experience (OR 1.91 [1.18-3.12], p = 0.005), no-prenatal information about breast-feeding (OR 1.59 [1.08-2.34], (p = 0.01), and other people's suggestion to complement breast-feeding (OR 1.61 [1.09-2.38], p = 0.01). A supportive approach and efficient communication, taking into account mother's characteristics, might reduce the gap between scientific recommendations and nutritional practices of mothers willing to nurse their infants.
这项横断面研究于1998年至1999年在墨西哥瓜达拉哈拉进行，旨在确定参与母乳喂养支持项目的哺乳期母亲中的食物禁忌。该研究纳入了493名哺乳期母亲，她们在分娩后10至45天接受了访谈。采用卡方检验来发现食物禁忌、母亲特征和人口统计学变量之间的关联。50.3%的母亲在产后饮食中至少避免一种食物，因为她们认为这些食物在母乳喂养期间有害。47%的母亲避免三种或更多种食物。水果和蔬菜（62%）以及豆类（20%）是最常被避免的食物。这些食物禁忌与在瓜达拉哈拉市居住超过10年（优势比[OR]为1.95[1.25 - 3.09]，p = 0.002）、母乳喂养经验（OR为1.91[1.18 - 3.12]，p = 0.005）、没有关于母乳喂养的产前信息（OR为1.59[1.08 - 2.34]，p = 0.01）以及其他人关于补充母乳喂养的建议（OR为1.61[1.09 - 2.38]，p = 0.01）有关。考虑到母亲的特征，采取支持性方法和有效的沟通可能会缩小科学建议与愿意母乳喂养婴儿的母亲的营养实践之间的差距。
