Jenny K, Käppeli O, Fiechter A
Institut für Biotechnologie, ETH-Hönggerberg, Zürich, Switzerland.
Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 1991 Oct;36(1):5-13. doi: 10.1007/BF00164690.
The surface-active compounds of the strain Bacillus licheniformis were isolated and their structure was elucidated. The high surface-active capacity of the crude extract was basically due to traces of long-chain saturated fatty acids, especially of palmitic and stearic acids, to a mixture of small amounts of hydrocarbons with chain lengths of 20 and 22 carbons, and mainly to appreciable amounts of four slightly different lipopeptides. The lipopeptides were found to be a mixture of four closely related compounds. The lipophilic part consisting of i-, n-C14 or i-, ai-C15 beta-OH fatty acids was linked to the hydrophilic peptide moiety, which contained seven amino acids (Glu, Asp, Val, three Leu and Ile) by a lactone linkage. Fifteen milligrams per litre of the purified lipopeptide product decreased the surface tension of water from 72 mN m-1 to 27 mN m-1, characterizing the product as a powerful surface-active agent that compares favourably to other (bio)surfactants. Antibiotic activity was demonstrated against bacteria and yeasts.
地衣芽孢杆菌菌株的表面活性化合物被分离出来，并对其结构进行了阐明。粗提取物的高表面活性主要归因于痕量的长链饱和脂肪酸，尤其是棕榈酸和硬脂酸，以及少量碳链长度为20和22的烃类混合物，主要还归因于相当数量的四种略有不同的脂肽。发现这些脂肽是四种密切相关化合物的混合物。由异-C14或正-C14或异-C15、反异-C15β-OH脂肪酸组成的亲脂部分通过内酯键与含有七个氨基酸（谷氨酸、天冬氨酸、缬氨酸、三个亮氨酸和异亮氨酸）的亲水肽部分相连。每升15毫克的纯化脂肽产物可将水的表面张力从72 mN/m-1降至27 mN/m-1，这表明该产物是一种强大的表面活性剂，与其他（生物）表面活性剂相比具有优势。该产物对细菌和酵母具有抗生素活性。
