Baur X
Ordinariat und Zentralinstitut für Arbeitsmedizin, Universität Hamburg, Germany.
Pneumologie. 2003 Sep;57(9):526-31. doi: 10.1055/s-2003-42221.
Isocyanates are extensively used for the production of different foams and elastomers. They also serve as glues, lacquer hardeners, inks, adhesives, fillers, finishes, sealants, coating and insulation materials. Usually, their application results in inhalative, partly also in cutaneous uptake. This review describes occupational exposures to isocyanates as well as hazardous effects. Isocyanates are used in the automotive/mechanical engineering/building and construction/mining/casting/electricity and electronic/plastics/printing/timber and furniture/white goods and textile industry, partly also in medicine. Hazardous exposures to thermal degradation products of isocyanate-based polyurethanes and other materials have also be taken into consideration. Obstructive airway diseases are the major disorder caused by isocyanates. Rare cases suffer from extrinsic allergic alveolitis or eczema. In addition to regulation-based primary prevention qualitative medical surveillance mostly prevents disorders. There is also a need for the establishment of a validated biomonitoring of endangered employees.
异氰酸酯被广泛用于生产各种泡沫和弹性体。它们还用作胶水、漆硬化剂、油墨、粘合剂、填料、面漆、密封剂、涂层和绝缘材料。通常，它们的应用会导致吸入接触，部分也会导致皮肤吸收。本综述描述了职业性接触异氰酸酯以及有害影响。异氰酸酯用于汽车/机械工程/建筑和施工/采矿/铸造/电力和电子/塑料/印刷/木材和家具/白色家电和纺织行业，部分也用于医学领域。还应考虑对基于异氰酸酯的聚氨酯和其他材料的热降解产物的有害接触。阻塞性气道疾病是异氰酸酯引起的主要病症。罕见病例患有外源性过敏性肺泡炎或湿疹。除了基于法规的一级预防外，定性医学监测大多可预防疾病。还需要对受威胁员工建立经过验证的生物监测。
