SALVIN S B, SMITH R F
J Exp Med. 1960 Apr 1;111(4):465-83. doi: 10.1084/jem.111.4.465.
Guinea pigs sensitized with either hen, duck, or goose egg albumin showed delayed hypersensitivity followed by Arthus reactions to the homologous antigen, but tended to have much weaker delayed responses and slower antibody formation to heterologous antigens. Guinea pigs with delayed hypersensitivity to one of the avian antigens had a slower antibody response to a secondary injection of heterologous antigen than to one of the homologous antigen. Sensitization with a protein conjugated with a hapten such as picryl chloride (Pi) or dinitrofluorobenzene (DFB) resulted in delayed hypersensitivity to the homologous conjugate, the homologous protein, and the homologous protein with a heterologous hapten. Circulating antibody and Arthus reactions occurred subsequently to the homologous conjugate, as well as to the homologous hapten attached to a heterologous protein. Delayed hypersensitivity thus seemed associated with the protein moiety, and Arthus responses with the hapten. Anamnestic responses followed injection of an antigen causing delayed hypersensitivity, but not of a hapten not causing delayed reactions. Thus, animals sensitized initially with Pi.HEA, DFB.HEA, or HEA produced antibodies sooner after a secondary injection of Pi.HEA than did unsensitized animals. No anamnestic response resulted when animals sensitized to Pi.BGG were injected with Pi.HEA. Thus, delayed hypersensitivity is indicated to be a preliminary and immature step in the immune process, with specificity directed against broad, more general features of the protein antigen. This intermediate step is followed by production of circulating antibody to any antigen having a similar basic structure, with the specificity of the antibody also directed against smaller immunologically active sites on the antigen molecule.
用鸡、鸭或鹅蛋清蛋白致敏的豚鼠表现出迟发型超敏反应，随后对同源抗原产生阿瑟斯反应，但对异源抗原的迟发型反应往往较弱，抗体形成也较慢。对一种禽类抗原具有迟发型超敏反应的豚鼠，二次注射异源抗原时的抗体反应比注射同源抗原之一时要慢。用与半抗原如苦味酰氯（Pi）或二硝基氟苯（DFB）偶联的蛋白质致敏，会导致对同源偶联物、同源蛋白质以及带有异源半抗原的同源蛋白质产生迟发型超敏反应。循环抗体和阿瑟斯反应随后会出现在同源偶联物以及附着在异源蛋白质上的同源半抗原上。因此，迟发型超敏反应似乎与蛋白质部分相关，而阿瑟斯反应与半抗原相关。注射引起迟发型超敏反应的抗原后会出现回忆反应，但注射不引起迟发型反应的半抗原则不会。因此，最初用Pi.HEA、DFB.HEA或HEA致敏的动物，二次注射Pi.HEA后比未致敏动物更快产生抗体。当对Pi.BGG致敏的动物注射Pi.HEA时，未产生回忆反应。因此，迟发型超敏反应被认为是免疫过程中的一个初步且不成熟的阶段，其特异性针对蛋白质抗原的广泛、更普遍的特征。这个中间阶段之后是针对任何具有相似基本结构的抗原产生循环抗体，抗体的特异性也针对抗原分子上较小的免疫活性位点。
