van den Akker R, van den Hoek J A, van den Akker W M, Kooy H, Vijge E, Roosendaal G, Coutinho R A, van Loon A M
Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Public Health and Environmental Protection, Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
AIDS. 1992 Sep;6(9):953-7. doi: 10.1097/00002030-199209000-00007.
To evaluate the use of saliva specimens for the detection of HIV antibodies among high-risk groups in epidemiological studies.
Testing of saliva specimens collected by different methods from individuals with known HIV status. The most reliable method was examined for its usefulness in a field study among a high-risk group.
Saliva samples were obtained either by using a cotton-wool roll ('Salivette') or as 'whole saliva'. HIV antibodies were determined using commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Confirmation was performed using a line immunoassay or an immunoblot assay.
In 'Salivette' samples, HIV antibodies were detected by ELISA in seven out of 22 seropositive individuals. In contrast, testing of 'whole saliva' samples from 79 HIV-seropositive and 115 HIV-seronegative individuals resulted in a 100% correlation with HIV serum status. The positive reaction of 20 'whole saliva' specimens was confirmed in a line immunoassay, whereas in an immunoblot assay only seven specimens were positive, one negative, and 12 indeterminate. In an HIV prevalence study among drug users, 395 'whole saliva' samples were tested in two different ELISA. Both assays showed complete agreement in detecting 58 positive and 337 negative samples. All positive samples were confirmed by the line immunoassay.
Our study demonstrates that 'whole saliva' specimens are a good alternative to blood samples in epidemiological studies of HIV prevalence in high-risk groups.
评估在流行病学研究中唾液标本用于检测高危人群中HIV抗体的情况。
对从已知HIV感染状况的个体采用不同方法收集的唾液标本进行检测。考察最可靠的方法在高危人群现场研究中的实用性。
唾液样本通过使用脱脂棉卷（“唾液采集管”）或采集“全唾液”获得。使用商业酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）法测定HIV抗体。采用线性免疫测定或免疫印迹测定进行确认。
在“唾液采集管”样本中，22名血清阳性个体中有7名通过ELISA检测出HIV抗体。相比之下，对79名HIV血清阳性个体和115名HIV血清阴性个体的“全唾液”样本检测结果与HIV血清状态的相关性为100%。20份“全唾液”标本的阳性反应在线性免疫测定中得到确认，而在免疫印迹测定中只有7份标本呈阳性，1份呈阴性，12份结果不确定。在一项针对吸毒者的HIV患病率研究中，对395份“全唾液”样本采用两种不同的ELISA进行检测。两种检测方法在检测58份阳性样本和337份阴性样本时结果完全一致。所有阳性样本均通过线性免疫测定得到确认。
我们的研究表明，在高危人群HIV患病率的流行病学研究中，“全唾液”标本是血液样本的良好替代物。
