Guinness E A
Br J Psychiatry Suppl. 1992 Apr(16):24-41.
In a three-year prospective study of service-based incidence of functional psychoses in Africa, 94 cases of brief reactive psychosis were compared with 56 cases of schizophreniform syndromes, 29 cases of DSM-III schizophrenia and 14 of manic-depressive psychosis. This was supplemented by retrospective study of the same syndromes not in their first episode. Brief reactive psychosis was found to be a composite syndrome. The 50% with preceding depression were a distinct group, in terms of course and demographic features. Of those with intense prodromal anxiety, most were a single episode precipitated by a major life event, a few showed a recurrent long-term pattern. Schizophrenia was heralded, or presented unequivocally months or years later, in 10-20%. The schizophreniform group comprised a range of atypical psychoses intermediate between the transient and major psychoses. The pattern of precipitants and the over-representation of education and paid employment in the acute syndromes, compared with the major psychoses, in a society which was largely first-generation educated, suggested a link with rapid social change.
在一项针对非洲功能性精神病基于服务的发病率的为期三年的前瞻性研究中，将94例短暂反应性精神病患者与56例精神分裂症样综合征患者、29例DSM-III精神分裂症患者和14例躁狂抑郁症患者进行了比较。对这些综合征非首发发作的情况进行了回顾性研究，作为补充。发现短暂反应性精神病是一种复合综合征。就病程和人口统计学特征而言，50%有前驱抑郁的患者是一个独特的群体。在那些有强烈前驱焦虑的患者中，大多数是由重大生活事件引发的单次发作，少数表现为复发性长期模式。10%-20%的患者在数月或数年之后出现精神分裂症的先兆或明确表现。精神分裂症样组包括一系列介于短暂性和重度精神病之间的非典型精神病。在一个大多是第一代受过教育的社会中，与重度精神病相比，急性综合征中诱发因素的模式以及教育和有偿就业的比例过高，表明与快速的社会变革有关。
