MUNGER B L, ROTH S I
J Cell Biol. 1963 Feb;16(2):379-400. doi: 10.1083/jcb.16.2.379.
The normal parathyroids of six humans and a Virginia deer were studied by light and electron microscopy. The parenchyma of the deer parathyroid is composed of uniform chief cells, which contained 100 to 400 mmicro electron-opaque, membrane-limited granules, presumed to be secretory granules, in addition to the usual cytoplasmic organelles. Desmosomes are present between adjacent cells, and rare cilia are observed protruding from the chief cells into the intercellular space. The human parathyroids contain chief cells in two phases-active and inactive-as well as oxyphil cells. Active chief cells have a large Golgi apparatus, sparse glycogen, numerous secretory granules, and rare cilia. Inactive chief cells contain a small Golgi apparatus, abundant glycogen, and few secretory granules. Both forms have the usual cytoplasmic organelles and, between adjacent cells, desmosomes. Oxyphil cell cytoplasm is composed of tightly packed mitochondria and glycogen granules, with rare secretory granules. Cells with cytoplasmic characteristics intermediate between chief and oxyphil cells, possibly representing transitional cells, have been observed. Secretory granules of both man and deer are composed of 100 to 200 A particles and short rods, and the granules develop from prosecretory granules in the Golgi region of the cell. The human secretory granules are smaller and more variable in shape than those of the deer. The granules are iron and chrome alum hematoxylin-positive, argyrophilic, and aldehyde fuchsin-positive, permitting light microscopic identification. They are also found in the capillary endothelial cells of the parathyroid and in its surrounding connective tissue. The secretory granules of the parathyroid cells can thus be followed from their formation in the Golgi apparatus almost to their extrusion into the blood stream.
通过光学显微镜和电子显微镜对6名人类和1只弗吉尼亚鹿的正常甲状旁腺进行了研究。鹿甲状旁腺的实质由均匀的主细胞组成，除了通常的细胞质细胞器外，这些主细胞含有100至400个微小的电子不透明、膜包被的颗粒，推测为分泌颗粒。相邻细胞之间存在桥粒，并且观察到有罕见的纤毛从主细胞伸入细胞间隙。人类甲状旁腺含有处于活跃和不活跃两个阶段的主细胞以及嗜酸性细胞。活跃的主细胞有一个大的高尔基体、稀疏的糖原、许多分泌颗粒和罕见的纤毛。不活跃的主细胞含有一个小的高尔基体、丰富的糖原和少量分泌颗粒。两种类型的主细胞都有通常的细胞质细胞器，相邻细胞之间有桥粒。嗜酸性细胞的细胞质由紧密堆积的线粒体和糖原颗粒组成，分泌颗粒罕见。已经观察到具有介于主细胞和嗜酸性细胞之间的细胞质特征的细胞，可能代表过渡细胞。人类和鹿的分泌颗粒均由100至200埃的颗粒和短棒组成，这些颗粒从细胞高尔基体区域的前分泌颗粒发育而来。人类的分泌颗粒比鹿的更小且形状更具变异性。这些颗粒对铁苏木精和铬明矾苏木精呈阳性、嗜银、对醛复红呈阳性，便于在光学显微镜下识别。它们也存在于甲状旁腺的毛细血管内皮细胞及其周围结缔组织中。因此，甲状旁腺细胞的分泌颗粒从其在高尔基体中的形成几乎一直到其被挤入血流的过程都可以被追踪到。
