Levy A S, Fein S B, Schucker R E
Division of Consumer Studies, Food and Drug Administration, Washington, DC 20204.
J Am Diet Assoc. 1992 Oct;92(10):1230-4.
An experimental design was used to compare performance and preference for five nutrition label formats. Four performance measures--accuracy and false-positives in identifying nutrient differences, time required, and correctness in judging which product was more nutritious--were derived from a product-comparison task. A sample of 1,460 food shoppers over 18 years old was recruited by a shopping mall-intercept method. Results of the study demonstrated that preferences and performance do not necessarily agree. The Control format, which had no nutrition profile information, performed the best but was liked the least. The Adjectival format, which provided nutrition profile information in the form of descriptive adjectives, was the most preferred. Results also showed that listing Daily Reference Values or nutrition profile aids increased preference but either did not affect performance or decreased it, depending on the specific aid and performance measure. Formats that some subjects liked for having adequate information others disliked for being hard to use. Formats that some subjects liked for being easy to use others disliked for having inadequate information. Age, education, and race were related to all of the performance measures except judgment of relative nutrition. Only gender was related to preference. Results of the study are useful as guidance for the development of consumer education materials.
采用实验设计来比较五种营养标签格式的性能和偏好。从一项产品比较任务中得出了四项性能指标——识别营养差异时的准确性和误报率、所需时间以及判断哪种产品更具营养的正确性。通过商场拦截法招募了1460名18岁以上的食品购物者作为样本。研究结果表明，偏好和性能不一定一致。没有营养成分信息的对照格式表现最佳，但最不受欢迎。以描述性形容词形式提供营养成分信息的形容词格式是最受青睐的。结果还表明，列出每日参考值或营养成分辅助信息会增加偏好，但根据具体的辅助信息和性能指标，要么不影响性能，要么会降低性能。一些受试者喜欢的格式，另一些受试者却因难以使用而不喜欢。一些受试者喜欢的格式，另一些受试者却因信息不足而不喜欢。年龄、教育程度和种族与除相对营养判断之外的所有性能指标都有关联。只有性别与偏好有关。该研究结果可作为制定消费者教育材料的指导。
