Clark N, Tobin J, Ellis C
Sports Medicine Brookline, MA 02167.
J Am Diet Assoc. 1992 Oct;92(10):1258-62.
With the rising popularity of ultradistance sports events lasting from 6 to 24 hours or multiple days, athletes are consulting registered dietitians for specialized dietary advice. Many dietitians, however, lack experience with these types of events. This article provides basic guidelines ffor fueling the ultradistance athlete. The goals are to maintain normal hydration and blood glucose levels, which can be done by enforcing programmed drinking (approximately 250 to 500 mL/15 minutes, depending on the athlete's sweat rate and environmental temperature) and programmed eating (1 to 1.5 + g of carbohydrate per kilogram of body weight per hour, depending on the athlete's acceptance of and tolerance to solid and/or liquid foods during exercise). Athletes who compete longer than 6 to 8 hours should consume adequate electrolytes, particularly sodium (approximately 1 g/hour) through either sports drinks or foods. These guidelines are applied to a case study of the 1991 women's winner of the Race Across America, a 2,930-mile biking event.
随着持续6至24小时或多天的超长距离体育赛事越来越受欢迎，运动员们向注册营养师咨询专业的饮食建议。然而，许多营养师缺乏这类赛事的经验。本文提供了为超长距离运动员提供能量补充的基本指南。目标是维持正常的水合作用和血糖水平，这可以通过有计划地饮水（根据运动员的出汗率和环境温度，大约每15分钟饮用250至500毫升）和有计划地进食（每小时每公斤体重摄入1至1.5克以上碳水化合物，具体取决于运动员在运动期间对固体和/或液体食物的接受程度和耐受能力）来实现。比赛时间超过6至8小时的运动员应通过运动饮料或食物摄入足够的电解质，特别是钠（大约每小时1克）。这些指南应用于1991年横穿美国女子自行车赛冠军的案例研究，这是一项2930英里的自行车赛事。
