Murray D M, Perry C L, Griffin G, Harty K C, Jacobs D R, Schmid L, Daly K, Pallonen U
Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis 55454.
Prev Med. 1992 Jul;21(4):449-72. doi: 10.1016/0091-7435(92)90053-k.
The 1985 Minnesota Legislature established guidelines for school-based tobacco-use prevention programming and provided financial incentives to school districts to encourage them to adopt a broad range of preventive measures. The Minnesota-Wisconsin Adolescent Tobacco-Use Research Project was funded by the National Cancer Institute in 1986 to evaluate the Minnesota initiative through two parallel studies.
The Four Group Comparison Study was a prospective study of 48 school "units" which were randomly assigned to one of four conditions in 1987. Baseline observations were taken in the sixth grade in 1987, interventions were delivered in the seventh grade, and follow-up observations were taken in the seventh, eighth, and ninth grades. The Four Group Comparison Study was designed to evaluate the three middle-school interventions that were most widely adopted by Minnesota school districts as a result of the 1985 legislation. The Two State Comparison Study was a serial cross-sectional study of representative districts in Minnesota and Wisconsin. Annual surveys of ninth graders were conducted from 1986-1990. The Two State Comparison Study was designed to determine whether tobacco-use patterns changed in Minnesota relative to Wisconsin following the Minnesota legislation.
The prospective study indicated that none of the interventions was more effective in reducing adolescent tobacco use compared with a randomized control group. The serial cross-sectional study revealed that there was a modest net decline in Minnesota relative to Wisconsin from 1986 to 1990, but that it was within the range of chance variation.
Taken together, these results indicate that this legislative initiative was insufficient to reduce adolescent tobacco use statewide during the 5-year study period. Together with results from other recent studies, they suggest that even more intensive efforts may be required to effect widespread reductions in adolescent tobacco use.
1985年，明尼苏达州立法机构制定了校内预防烟草使用计划的指导方针，并向学区提供财政激励措施，以鼓励它们采取广泛的预防措施。1986年，明尼苏达-威斯康星青少年烟草使用研究项目由美国国立癌症研究所资助，通过两项平行研究对明尼苏达州的这一举措进行评估。
四组比较研究是一项对48个学校“单位”的前瞻性研究，这些学校于1987年被随机分配到四种情况之一。1987年在六年级进行基线观察，在七年级实施干预措施，并在七年级、八年级和九年级进行随访观察。四组比较研究旨在评估由于1985年的立法而被明尼苏达州学区最广泛采用的三种中学干预措施。两州比较研究是对明尼苏达州和威斯康星州代表性学区的系列横断面研究。1986年至1990年对九年级学生进行年度调查。两州比较研究旨在确定明尼苏达州立法后，明尼苏达州相对于威斯康星州的烟草使用模式是否发生了变化。
前瞻性研究表明，与随机对照组相比，没有一种干预措施在减少青少年烟草使用方面更有效。系列横断面研究表明，1986年至1990年期间，明尼苏达州相对于威斯康星州有适度的净下降，但仍在随机变化范围内。
综合来看，这些结果表明，在为期5年的研究期间，这项立法举措不足以在全州范围内减少青少年烟草使用。与其他近期研究的结果一起，它们表明可能需要做出更大的努力才能广泛减少青少年烟草使用。
