West R, Lennox S
Psychology Department, St. George's Hospital Medical School, University of London, UK.
Psychopharmacology (Berl). 1992;108(4):456-9. doi: 10.1007/BF02247421.
Eighty-two college students took part in a study on motives underlying increases in cigarette smoking prior to examinations. One group was tested a month before, and a second group was tested the day before, the start of examinations. Measures were taken of current cigarette consumption, general anxiety, anxiety about forthcoming exams, the importance of sedative and stimulant smoking motives, hours spent revising and in other activities and amounts smoked during these activities. The results indicated that the students increased the hours they spent revising and there was a corresponding increase in the number of cigarettes smoked during this activity. They also reported an increase in the importance of stimulant smoking motives. Anxiety levels increased in the run up to exams but there was no increase in sedative smoking motives. The results raise the issue of whether any anxiolytic action of nicotine may be limited to acute stressors and also whether smokers' use of cigarettes to help them stay alert during revision translates into improved examination performance.
82名大学生参与了一项关于考试前吸烟量增加背后动机的研究。一组在考试开始前一个月接受测试，另一组在考试开始前一天接受测试。研究人员测量了当前的香烟消费量、一般焦虑水平、对即将到来考试的焦虑、镇静和刺激吸烟动机的重要性、用于复习和其他活动的时间以及在这些活动期间的吸烟量。结果表明，学生们增加了用于复习的时间，并且在此活动期间吸烟的数量相应增加。他们还报告说刺激吸烟动机的重要性有所增加。在临近考试时焦虑水平上升，但镇静吸烟动机没有增加。这些结果提出了这样一个问题：尼古丁的任何抗焦虑作用是否可能仅限于急性应激源，以及吸烟者在复习期间使用香烟来帮助他们保持警觉是否转化为考试成绩的提高。
