Perkins K A, Grobe J E
Western Psychiatric Institute & Clinic, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pennsylvania 15213.
Br J Addict. 1992 Jul;87(7):1037-40. doi: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.1992.tb03121.x.
Conditions which promote smoking urges, or desire to smoke, are believed to be important in maintaining smoking behaviour, yet little controlled research has examined acute situational factors which increase desire to smoke. In this study, 16 male and 16 female smokers either smoked or sham-smoked with an unlit cigarette after brief abstinence during two sessions, one involving a stressful computer task and the other a non-stress task. Desire to smoke was greater during the stress vs. non-stress task for sham-smokers (p less than 0.01). Furthermore, although smoking desire decreased markedly after smoking in the smoking smokers (p less than 0.001), even this group tended to report greater desire to smoke during stress (p less than 0.10). There were no differences between males and females. These findings indicate that exposure to stressors increases desire to smoke, and suggest that such situations may be influential in maintaining smoking behaviour in smokers not attempting to quit.
促使吸烟冲动或吸烟欲望的条件被认为在维持吸烟行为方面很重要，但很少有对照研究考察过会增加吸烟欲望的急性情境因素。在本研究中，16名男性吸烟者和16名女性吸烟者在两个阶段短暂戒烟后，要么吸烟，要么用未点燃的香烟进行假吸烟，其中一个阶段涉及一项有压力的电脑任务，另一个阶段是无压力任务。对于假吸烟者来说，在有压力任务期间比无压力任务期间吸烟欲望更强（p小于0.01）。此外，虽然在真正吸烟的吸烟者中，吸烟后吸烟欲望明显降低（p小于0.001），但即使是这个群体在有压力期间也倾向于报告有更强的吸烟欲望（p小于0.10）。男性和女性之间没有差异。这些发现表明，接触压力源会增加吸烟欲望，并表明这种情况可能对未尝试戒烟的吸烟者维持吸烟行为有影响。
