逐渐减少（用量）对游泳功率、划水距离和表现的影响。

Effects of taper on swim power, stroke distance, and performance.

作者信息

Johns R A, Houmard J A, Kobe R W, Hortobágyi T, Bruno N J, Wells J M, Shinebarger M H

机构信息

Human Performance Laboratory, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858.

出版信息

Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1992 Oct;24(10):1141-6.

PMID:1435162

Abstract

Competitive swimmers progressively reduce training volume or "taper" prior to an important competition in an effort to improve performance capabilities. The purpose of the current study was to determine the effects of taper upon factors associated with swim performance. Twelve intercollegiate swimmers were tested before and after taper in preparation for their season-ending meet. Power during a tethered sprint swim increased significantly (P < 0.05) by approximately 5% with taper. No significant changes occurred in distance per stroke, oxygen consumption, and post-exercise blood lactate level during a 182.9-m submaximal swim with taper. Five swimmers were additionally tested after shaving exposed body hair upon completion of taper. Swim power did not increase further with hair removal. In contrast, shaving significantly increased distance per stroke (P < 0.05) by approximately 5%. These data indicate that reduced training specifically improves swim power; however, removing exposed body hair after taper may additionally enhance performance capabilities by increasing distance per stroke.

摘要

竞技游泳运动员在重要比赛前会逐渐减少训练量或进行“减量训练”，以提高成绩。本研究的目的是确定减量训练对与游泳成绩相关因素的影响。12名大学生游泳运动员在为赛季末比赛做准备的减量训练前后接受了测试。在进行减量训练后， tethered sprint swim（这个词可能有误，暂译为“系绳冲刺游泳”）时的功率显著增加（P < 0.05），增幅约为5%。在进行182.9米次最大强度游泳且进行减量训练时，每划水距离、耗氧量和运动后血乳酸水平没有显著变化。另外5名游泳运动员在完成减量训练后剃掉暴露在外的身体毛发后进行了测试。去除毛发后游泳功率没有进一步增加。相反，剃毛显著增加了每划水距离（P < 0.05），增幅约为5%。这些数据表明，减少训练量能特别提高游泳功率；然而，在减量训练后去除暴露在外的身体毛发可能还会通过增加每划水距离来提高成绩。