Grant A H
Optom Vis Sci. 1992 Sep;69(9):739-44. doi: 10.1097/00006324-199209000-00012.
In using a computer, the relation of vision to hand/finger actuated keyboard usage in performing fine motor-coordinated functions is influenced by the physical location, size, and collective placement of the keys. Traditional nonprehensile flat/rectangular keyboard applications usually require a high and nearly constant level of visual attention. Biometrically shaped keyboards would allow for prehensile hand-posturing, thus affording better tactile familiarity with the keys, requiring less intense and less constant level of visual attention to the task, and providing a greater measure of freedom from having to visualize the key(s). Workpace and related physiological changes, aging, onset of monocularization (intermittent lapsing of binocularity for near vision) that accompanies presbyopia, tool colors, and background contrast are factors affecting constancy of visual attention to task performance. Capitas extension, excessive excyclotorsion, and repetitive strain injuries (such as carpal tunnel syndrome) are common and debilitating concomitants to computer usage. These problems can be remedied by improved keyboard design. The salutary role of mnemonics in minimizing visual dependency is discussed.
在使用计算机时，视觉与手部/手指操作键盘以执行精细运动协调功能之间的关系会受到按键的物理位置、大小和整体布局的影响。传统的非抓握式扁平/矩形键盘应用通常需要高度且几乎持续的视觉注意力。符合生物特征形状的键盘将允许进行抓握式手部姿势调整，从而使人对按键有更好的触觉熟悉度，对任务所需的视觉注意力强度和持续度要求更低，并且在不必可视化按键的情况下提供更大程度的自由。工作空间和相关的生理变化、衰老、老花眼伴随的单眼化（近视力双眼视间歇性丧失）、工具颜色和背景对比度都是影响对任务执行视觉注意力持续性的因素。头部伸展、过度外旋扭转以及重复性劳损损伤（如腕管综合征）是计算机使用中常见且使人衰弱的伴随问题。这些问题可以通过改进键盘设计来解决。文中讨论了记忆法在最小化视觉依赖方面的有益作用。
