Lanza R P, Sullivan S J, Chick W L
BioHybrid Technologies, Inc., Park Nine West, Shrewsbury, MA 01545.
Diabetes. 1992 Dec;41(12):1503-10. doi: 10.2337/diab.41.12.1503.
Immunoisolation is a potentially important approach to transplanting islets without need for immunosuppressive drugs. Immunoisolation systems have been conceived in which the transplanted tissue is separated from the immune system of the host by an artificial barrier. These systems offer a solution to the problem of human islet procurement by permitting use of islets isolated from animal pancreases. The devices used are referred to as biohybrid artificial organs because they combine synthetic, selectively permeable membranes that block immune rejection with living transplants. Three major types of biohybrid pancreas devices have been studied. These include devices anastomosed to the vascular system as AV shunts, diffusion chambers, and microcapsules. Results in diabetic rodents and dogs indicate that biohybrid pancreas devices significantly improve glucose homeostasis and can function for more than a year. Recent progress made with this approach is discussed, and some of the remaining problems that must be resolved to bring this technology to clinical reality are addressed.
免疫隔离是一种无需免疫抑制药物就能移植胰岛的潜在重要方法。人们设想了免疫隔离系统，其中移植组织通过人工屏障与宿主免疫系统分离。这些系统通过允许使用从动物胰腺分离的胰岛，为人类胰岛获取问题提供了解决方案。所使用的装置被称为生物杂交人工器官，因为它们将能阻止免疫排斥的合成选择性渗透膜与活体移植相结合。已经研究了三种主要类型的生物杂交胰腺装置。这些包括作为动静脉分流吻合到血管系统的装置、扩散室和微胶囊。在糖尿病啮齿动物和狗身上的结果表明，生物杂交胰腺装置能显著改善葡萄糖稳态，并且可以发挥作用一年以上。讨论了这种方法最近取得的进展，并解决了为使这项技术成为临床现实而必须解决的一些剩余问题。
