Kramer Arthur F, Colcombe Stanley J, McAuley Edward, Eriksen Kirk I, Scalf Paige, Jerome Gerald J, Marquez David X, Elavsky Steriani, Webb Andrew G
Beckman Institute, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
J Mol Neurosci. 2003;20(3):213-21. doi: 10.1385/JMN:20:3:213.
The present article provides a brief review of the human and animal literature that has investigated the relationship between fitness training and brain and cognitive function. The animal research clearly suggests that improvements in fitness can lead to both morphological and functional changes in the brains of older animals. Results of a recent meta-analysis suggest that fitness training can also have beneficial effects on human cognition, particularly on tasks requiring executive control processing. These effects are also moderated by a number of factors, including the proportion of men and women in the intervention studies, the length of training sessions, the age of the participants, and the combination of fitness training regimes. The article also discusses preliminary results that link, for the first time, fitness training and differences in human brain structure and function. Finally, we discuss the important issue of participant adherence to fitness training programs and the factors that influence fitness participation.
本文简要回顾了有关人类和动物的文献，这些文献研究了体能训练与大脑及认知功能之间的关系。动物研究清楚地表明，体能的改善可导致老年动物大脑在形态和功能上发生变化。最近一项荟萃分析的结果表明，体能训练对人类认知也有有益影响，特别是对需要执行控制处理的任务。这些影响还受到许多因素的调节，包括干预研究中男性和女性的比例、训练课程的时长、参与者的年龄以及体能训练方案的组合。本文还讨论了首次将体能训练与人类大脑结构和功能差异联系起来的初步结果。最后，我们讨论了参与者坚持体能训练计划的重要问题以及影响参与体能训练的因素。
