Sánchez-Carrillo Constanza I, Cerón-Mireles Prudencia, Rojas-Martínez María Rosalba, Mendoza-Alvarado Laura, Olaiz-Fernández Gustavo, Borja-Aburto Víctor H
Dirección General de Salud Ambiental, Secretaría de Salud, México.
Epidemiology. 2003 Sep;14(5):536-44. doi: 10.1097/01.ede.0000081801.90352.bf.
A unique, active, timely, low-cost surveillance system for the metropolitan area of Mexico City was established in the mid-1990s.
The system obtained upper and lower respiratory tract symptoms and eye symptoms from daily interviews for a systematic sample of the general nonhospitalized population living within a 2-km radius of air pollution monitors during 1996-1997.
Ozone increments (10 ppb) were associated with upper respiratory symptoms (odds ratio [OR] = 1.003; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.002-1.004) and ocular symptoms indicators (OR = 1.005; CI = 1.004-1.007), and with a higher risk of lower respiratory symptoms indicator among nonsmokers (OR = 1.003; CI = 1.002-1.005). Increases in relative humidity reduced the risk of increments of sulfur dioxide on the 3 acute health indicators. Association of PM10 with health indicators varied among the 5 regions. During emergency episodes, symptoms increased sharply when ozone reached 281 ppb, a finding that resulted in a change in the ozone criteria for emergency declaration from 294 to 281 ppb.
This system has been low cost, timely, and useful for local decision making.
20世纪90年代中期，为墨西哥城大都市区建立了一个独特、活跃、及时且低成本的监测系统。
该系统通过对1996 - 1997年期间居住在空气污染监测器半径2公里范围内的非住院普通人群的系统抽样进行每日访谈，获取上、下呼吸道症状和眼部症状。
臭氧增加10 ppb与上呼吸道症状（优势比[OR]=1.003；95%置信区间[CI]=1.002 - 1.004）和眼部症状指标（OR = 1.005；CI = 1.004 - 1.007）相关，并且在非吸烟者中，与下呼吸道症状指标的较高风险相关（OR = 1.003；CI = 1.002 - 1.005）。相对湿度增加降低了3种急性健康指标上二氧化硫增加的风险。PM10与健康指标的关联在5个区域中有所不同。在紧急事件期间，当臭氧达到281 ppb时症状急剧增加，这一发现导致紧急声明的臭氧标准从294 ppb变为281 ppb。
该系统成本低、及时，对地方决策有用。
