Barrett Anna M, Crucian Gregory P, Wingard Ellen M, Graybeal Laura A, Heilman Kenneth M
Division of Neurology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, USA.
Cogn Behav Neurol. 2003 Sep;16(3):160-9. doi: 10.1097/00146965-200309000-00003.
To learn whether young and aged subjects exhibit different recall biases for internally derived (Internal) versus externally supplied (External) material.
Internally derived knowledge, prized by educators and therapists, can bring about dramatic behavioral change. Such information, seldom assessed on formal memory testing, may be preferentially recalled compared with external-origin material. Under some circumstances, however, subjects may demonstrate a recall advantage for externally supplied over internally generated material.
We compared Internal and External word recall in young and aged subjects with and without explicit intent to remember.
Although overall the young and aged subjects recalled the same number of words, we did find a word-origin recall bias. This recall bias differed by age group (P = 0.005). When not instructed to remember words, the young subjects tended to remember more External words, while aged subjects remembered more Internal words.
The differences in the brain mechanisms mediating Internal versus External recall bias are unknown. However, aging may modify an Internal-External memory bias.
了解年轻人和老年人对于内源性（Internal）与外源性（External）材料是否表现出不同的回忆偏差。
教育工作者和治疗师所珍视的内源性知识能够带来显著的行为改变。这类信息在正式记忆测试中很少被评估，与外源性材料相比，可能会被优先回忆起来。然而，在某些情况下，受试者可能表现出对外源性材料比对内源性材料有回忆优势。
我们比较了有和没有明确记忆意图的年轻人和老年人对内源性和外源性单词的回忆情况。
虽然总体上年轻人和老年人回忆的单词数量相同，但我们确实发现了一种单词来源的回忆偏差。这种回忆偏差在年龄组之间存在差异（P = 0.005）。当没有被要求记忆单词时，年轻受试者倾向于记住更多的外源性单词，而老年受试者记住更多的内源性单词。
介导内源性与外源性回忆偏差的大脑机制差异尚不清楚。然而，衰老可能会改变内源性 - 外源性记忆偏差。
