Fentem P H
Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK.
Br Med Bull. 1992 Jul;48(3):630-50. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.bmb.a072568.
Measures to increase individual participation in adequate amounts of physical exercise have a key place among the strategies to improve health and prevent disease. The scientific justification is based on a variety of evidence drawn from numerous epidemiological, clinical and physiological studies and is accepted as sound. The prevalence of physical disability is high. Disability attributable to age or chronic disease is helped by exercise. Inactivity compounds the effects of disability--an effect which deserves recognition because it is reversible and not inevitable. The association between a high level of habitual physical activity and a reduction in the individual risk for coronary vessel disease (CVD) is real and appears to be causal. Regular vigorous aerobic exercise is certainly effective in maintenance of health. Weight-bearing exercise has been shown to prevent osteoporosis at any age. The links between many of the functional adaptations which occur with exercise and improvements in health have been demonstrated. The exercise programmes which are effective have been defined.
增加个人参与适量体育锻炼的措施在改善健康和预防疾病的策略中占据关键地位。其科学依据基于众多流行病学、临床和生理学研究得出的各种证据，且被认为是可靠的。身体残疾的患病率很高。运动有助于缓解因年龄或慢性病导致的残疾。缺乏运动则会使残疾影响加剧——这种影响值得关注，因为它是可逆的，并非不可避免。高水平的习惯性身体活动与个体患冠状动脉疾病（CVD）风险降低之间的关联是真实存在的，且似乎具有因果关系。定期进行剧烈有氧运动对维持健康肯定有效。负重运动已被证明在任何年龄段都能预防骨质疏松症。运动所带来的许多功能适应性变化与健康改善之间的联系已得到证实。有效的运动方案也已明确。
