Tomaszewski Elizabeth K, Kaleta Erhard F, Phalen David N
Department of Large Animal Medicine and Surgery. Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Schubot Exotic Bird Health Center, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA.
J Virol. 2003 Oct;77(20):11260-7. doi: 10.1128/jvi.77.20.11260-11267.2003.
Fragments of 419 bp of the UL16 open reading frame from 73 psittacid herpesviruses (PsHVs) from the United States and Europe were sequenced. All viruses caused Pacheco's disease, and serotypes of the European isolates were known. A phylogenetic tree derived from these sequences demonstrated that the PsHVs that cause Pacheco's disease comprised four major genotypes, with each genotype including between two and four variants. With the exception of two viruses, the serotypes of the virus isolates could be predicted by the genotypes. Genotypes 1 and 4 corresponded to serotype 1 isolates, genotype 2 corresponded to serotype 2 isolates, and genotype 3 corresponded to serotype 3 isolates. The single serotype 4 virus mapped to genotype 4. DNA from a virus with a unique serotype could not be amplified with primers that amplified DNA from all other PsHVs, and its classification remains unknown. Viruses representing all four genotypes were found in both the United States and Europe, and it was therefore predicted that serotypes 1, 2, and 3 were present in the United States. Serotype 4 was represented by a single European isolate that could not be genetically distinguished from serotype 1 viruses; therefore, the presence of serotype 4 in the United States could not be predicted. Viruses of genotype 4 were found to be the most commonly associated with Pacheco's disease in macaws and conures and were least likely to be isolated in chicken embryo fibroblasts in the United States. All four genotypes caused deaths in Amazon parrots, but genotype 4 was associated with Pacheco's disease only in Amazons in Europe. Genotypes 2, 3, and 4, but not 1, were found in African grey parrots. Although parrots from the Pacific distribution represent a relatively small percentage of the total number of birds with Pacheco's disease, all four genotypes were found to cause disease in these species.
对来自美国和欧洲的73株鹦鹉疱疹病毒（PsHVs）的UL16开放阅读框的419 bp片段进行了测序。所有病毒均引发帕切科氏病，且欧洲分离株的血清型已知。从这些序列推导的系统发育树表明，引发帕切科氏病的PsHVs包含四个主要基因型，每个基因型包含两到四个变体。除两种病毒外，病毒分离株的血清型可通过基因型预测。基因型1和4对应血清型1分离株，基因型2对应血清型2分离株，基因型3对应血清型3分离株。单一血清型4病毒归为基因型4。一种具有独特血清型的病毒的DNA无法用能扩增所有其他PsHVs DNA的引物进行扩增，其分类仍然未知。在美国和欧洲均发现了代表所有四种基因型的病毒，因此预计美国存在血清型1、2和3。血清型4由一个单一的欧洲分离株代表，该分离株在基因上无法与血清型1病毒区分；因此，无法预测美国是否存在血清型4。发现基因型4的病毒最常与金刚鹦鹉和锥尾鹦鹉的帕切科氏病相关，且在美国鸡胚成纤维细胞中最不容易分离出来。所有四种基因型均导致亚马逊鹦鹉死亡，但基因型4仅在欧洲的亚马逊鹦鹉中与帕切科氏病相关。在非洲灰鹦鹉中发现了基因型2、3和4，但未发现基因型1。尽管来自太平洋分布地区的鹦鹉在患帕切科氏病的鸟类总数中占比相对较小，但发现所有四种基因型均能在这些物种中引发疾病。
