Duñabeitia Miren K, Hormilla Susana, Garcia-Plazaola Jose I, Txarterina Kepa, Arteche Unai, Becerril Jose M
Departamento Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Facultad Ciencias, Universidad del País Vasco/EHU, Apdo. 644, 48080, Bilbao, Spain.
Mycorrhiza. 2004 Feb;14(1):11-8. doi: 10.1007/s00572-003-0270-5. Epub 2003 Sep 25.
Three ectomycorrhizal (ECM) isolates of Rhizopogon luteolus, R. roseolus and Scleroderma citrinum were found to differ markedly in their in vitro tolerance to adverse conditions limiting fungal growth, i.e. water availability, pH and heavy metal pollution. S. citrinum was the most sensitive, R. luteolus intermediate and R. roseolus the most tolerant species. Pinus radiata D. Don seedlings were inoculated in the laboratory and in a containerised seedling nursery with spore suspensions of the three ECM species. Colonisation percentage was considerably lower under nursery conditions, probably due to competition by native fungi. The effects of nursery ECM inoculation on seedling growth depended on the fungal species. Only R. roseolus-colonised plants showed a significantly higher shoot growth than non-mycorrhizal plants. All three fungi induced significantly higher root dry weights relative to control plants. Despite the low mycorrhizal colonisation, mycorrhization with all three species improved the physiological status of nursery-grown seedlings, e.g. enhanced root enzyme activity, shoot nutrient and pigment content, net photosynthesis rate and water use efficiency. Of the three fungal species, R. roseolus was the most effective; this species was also the most adaptable and showed the greatest range of tolerance to adverse environmental conditions in pure culture. It is, therefore, proposed as a promising fungal species for ECM inoculation of P. radiata in the nursery.
已发现黄须腹菌、红须腹菌和橙黄硬皮马勃这三种外生菌根（ECM）分离物在体外对限制真菌生长的不利条件（即水分有效性、pH值和重金属污染）的耐受性存在显著差异。橙黄硬皮马勃最敏感，黄须腹菌次之，红须腹菌最耐受。在实验室和容器育苗场中，用这三种ECM菌种的孢子悬浮液对辐射松幼苗进行接种。在育苗场条件下，定殖率显著较低，这可能是由于本地真菌的竞争所致。育苗场接种ECM对幼苗生长的影响取决于真菌种类。只有接种红须腹菌的植株的地上部分生长显著高于未接种菌根的植株。相对于对照植株，所有三种真菌均显著提高了根系干重。尽管菌根定殖率较低，但接种这三种菌种均改善了苗圃中生长的幼苗的生理状况，例如增强了根系酶活性、地上部分养分和色素含量、净光合速率以及水分利用效率。在这三种真菌中，红须腹菌最为有效；该菌种也是适应性最强的，并且在纯培养中对不利环境条件的耐受范围最广。因此，建议将其作为育苗场中对辐射松接种ECM的一种有前景的真菌菌种。
