Armitage Gary C
J Periodontol. 2003 Aug;74(8):1237-47. doi: 10.1902/jop.2003.74.8.1237.
At the present time, the diagnosis and classification of periodontal diseases are almost entirely based on traditional clinical assessments. Supplemental quantitative and qualitative assessments of the gingival crevicular fluid and subgingival microflora can potentially provide useful information about the patient's periodontal disease. In certain situations, these supplemental risk-assessment tests may be particularly valuable in establishing the endpoint of therapy prior to placing patients on a periodontal maintenance program. Although the clinical utility of none of these tests has been validated, their further development is warranted. A genetic test for susceptibility to periodontitis has become commercially available. How best to use this and future host-based tests in clinical practice remains to be determined. Probing depth and clinical attachment loss measurements obtained with periodontal probes are practical and valid methods for assessing periodontal status. Computer-linked, controlled-force electronic periodontal probes are commercially available and are currently in use by some practitioners. Many of the logistical problems associated with subtraction radiography are being overcome and this powerful diagnostic tool may soon come into widespread use. Future developments in this and other imaging techniques are likely to have a profound effect on our approach to the diagnosis of periodontal diseases.
目前，牙周疾病的诊断和分类几乎完全基于传统的临床评估。对龈沟液和龈下微生物群进行补充性的定量和定性评估，有可能提供有关患者牙周疾病的有用信息。在某些情况下，这些补充性风险评估测试对于在患者进入牙周维护计划之前确定治疗终点可能特别有价值。尽管这些测试的临床效用均未得到验证，但仍有必要对其进行进一步开发。一种用于检测牙周炎易感性的基因检测已投入商业使用。如何在临床实践中最佳地使用这种检测方法以及未来基于宿主的检测方法仍有待确定。用牙周探针测量探诊深度和临床附着丧失是评估牙周状况的实用且有效的方法。与计算机相连的、具有可控力的电子牙周探针已投入商业使用，目前一些从业者正在使用。与减影放射照相相关的许多后勤问题正在得到解决，这种强大的诊断工具可能很快会得到广泛应用。这种成像技术以及其他成像技术的未来发展可能会对我们诊断牙周疾病的方法产生深远影响。
