Schwartz Carolyn E, Mazor Kathleen, Rogers Jane, Ma Yunsheng, Reed George
Division of Preventive and Behavioral Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
J Palliat Med. 2003 Aug;6(4):575-84. doi: 10.1089/109662103768253687.
The concept of a good death is central to end-of-life care research. Despite its importance and the high interest in the topic, there are few measures currently available for use in clinical research.
The present work describes the development and testing of a set of items intended to measure the importance of several components posited to be critical to the concept of a good death. It is intended for use with health care providers and lay people in the context of end-of-life care research and education.
Four cohorts (n = 596) were recruited to participate, representing two helping profession disciplines, nonhelping professionals, and a range of ages, specifically: (1) undergraduate medical students; (2) master's degree students in nursing; (3) graduate students from the life sciences; and (4) practicing hospice nurses.
Participants completed self-report questionnaires at baseline and retest. Psychometric analyses included item frequency distributions, factor analysis, alpha reliability, intraclass correlation, and measures of association.
The new Concept of a Good Death measure demonstrated good item frequency distributions, acceptable internal consistency reliability, and test-retest stability. Its factor structure revealed that three distinct domains are measured, reflecting the psychosocial/spiritual, physical, and clinical aspects of a good death. An examination of patterns of correlations showed differential associations with death anxiety, spiritual beliefs and practices, anxious mood, and sociodemographic characteristics.
The new Concept of a Good Death instrument appears to measure three distinct factors which people consider important to a Good Death. Ratings of the importance of these factors are reliable and valid. The instrument has the advantage of being a brief, self-report index for use in end-of-life care research.
善终的概念是临终关怀研究的核心。尽管其重要性以及人们对该主题的高度关注，但目前临床研究中可用的测量方法却很少。
本研究描述了一组项目的开发和测试，这些项目旨在衡量被认为对善终概念至关重要的几个组成部分的重要性。它旨在用于临终关怀研究和教育背景下的医疗保健提供者和普通民众。
招募了四个队列（n = 596）的参与者，代表两个助人专业学科、非助人专业人员以及不同年龄段，具体如下：（1）本科医学生；（2）护理学硕士研究生；（3）生命科学专业研究生；（4）在职临终关怀护士。
参与者在基线和复测时完成自我报告问卷。心理测量分析包括项目频率分布、因子分析、α信度、组内相关以及关联度测量。
新的善终概念测量方法显示出良好的项目频率分布、可接受的内部一致性信度和重测稳定性。其因子结构表明测量了三个不同的领域，反映了善终的心理社会/精神、身体和临床方面。对相关模式的检查显示与死亡焦虑、精神信仰和实践、焦虑情绪以及社会人口学特征存在差异关联。
新的善终概念工具似乎测量了人们认为对善终重要 的三个不同因素。这些因素重要性的评分是可靠且有效的。该工具的优点是作为一个简短的自我报告指标，可用于临终关怀研究。
