Yonkers A J
Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha 68198-1225.
Ear Nose Throat J. 1992 Jun;71(6):258-62.
In summary, sinusitis is a common disease caused by viruses, bacteria and the accumulation of excessive secretions and inflammatory mediators that impair the function of the mucociliary transport. Combination treatment is usually necessary to treat the cause and relieve the symptoms of sinusitis. Therapy aims at eliminating causative bacteria with antibiotics, decongesting edematous membranes, and thinning mucus with use of a mucolytic-expectorant. Improving the rheology of mucus by thinning abnormally thickened secretions may improve mucociliary transport and enhance penetration of antibiotics. Acute sinusitis usually responds to treatment within 2 weeks. However, if treatment is unsuccessful or a severe complication occurs, intravenous antibiotics may be necessary along with antral puncture and lavage. In resistant cases, an appropriate surgical procedure may enhance the drainage.
总之，鼻窦炎是一种由病毒、细菌以及过多分泌物和炎症介质积聚引起的常见疾病，这些因素会损害黏液纤毛运输功能。通常需要联合治疗来治疗病因并缓解鼻窦炎症状。治疗目的是使用抗生素消除致病细菌，减轻水肿的黏膜，并使用黏液溶解祛痰剂使黏液变稀。通过使异常增厚的分泌物变稀来改善黏液的流变学特性，可能会改善黏液纤毛运输并增强抗生素的渗透。急性鼻窦炎通常在2周内对治疗有反应。然而，如果治疗不成功或发生严重并发症，则可能需要静脉使用抗生素以及进行鼻窦穿刺和灌洗。对于耐药病例，适当的外科手术可能会增强引流。
