Sherwood C P, Shaw C G, Van Rooij L, Kent R W, Crandall J R, Orzechowski K M, Eichelberger M R, Kallieris D
Center for Applied Biomechanics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22902, USA.
Traffic Inj Prev. 2003 Sep;4(3):206-13. doi: 10.1080/15389580309885.
This article presents a series of 49 km/h sled tests using the Hybrid III 6-year-old dummy in a high-back booster, a low-back booster, and a three-point belt. Although a 10-year review at a level I trauma center showed that noncontact cervical spine injuries are rare in correctly restrained booster-age children, dummy neck loads exceeded published injury thresholds in all tests. The dummy underwent extreme neck flexion during the test, causing full-face contact with the dummy's chest. These dummy kinematics were compared to the kinematics of a 12-year-old cadaver tested in a similar impact environment. The cadaver test showed neck flexion, but also significant thoracic spinal flexion which was nonexistent in the dummy. This comparison was expanded using MADYMO simulations in which the thoracic spinal stiffness of the dummy model was decreased to give a more biofidelic kinematic response. We conclude that the stiff thoracic spine of the dummy results in high neck forces and moments that are not representative of the true injury potential.
本文介绍了一系列使用Hybrid III 6岁假人在高背式儿童增高坐垫、低背式儿童增高坐垫和三点式安全带中进行的49公里/小时的雪橇测试。尽管在一级创伤中心进行的一项为期10年的回顾显示，在正确使用儿童增高坐垫的儿童中，非接触性颈椎损伤很少见，但在所有测试中，假人的颈部负荷都超过了已公布的损伤阈值。在测试过程中，假人颈部极度弯曲，导致其面部完全接触胸部。将这些假人的运动学与在类似撞击环境中测试的12岁尸体的运动学进行了比较。尸体测试显示颈部弯曲，但也有明显的胸椎弯曲，而假人则没有。通过MADYMO模拟扩展了这种比较，在模拟中降低了假人模型的胸椎刚度，以给出更具生物逼真度的运动学响应。我们得出结论，假人僵硬的胸椎会导致高颈部力和力矩，而这并不代表真实的损伤可能性。
