Waddington Keir
Bull Hist Med. 2003 Fall;77(3):636-61. doi: 10.1353/bhm.2003.0147.
By the 1890s, questions about tuberculous meat in Britain served to transform the issue of infected meat from an ill-defined to a concrete threat. Veterinarians, building on European inoculation (or transmission) experiments, played a prominent part in constructing the debate, with medical officers of health following. With the emergence of bacteriology in the 1880s, a consensus emerged about the dangers of tuberculous meat: Robert Koch's identification of the tubercle bacillus in 1882, and the connection he saw between bovine tuberculosis and the disease in man, provided confirmation of the disease's danger to man. It was from this point that veterinary and public health interests diverged. Whereas a general agreement had been reached, the extent of the problem remained open to doubt. Confusion revolved around two issues: the localization of infection, and the question of cooking. The latter was thought to make tuberculous meat "safe," as attention shifted to the problem of milk; whereas the former frustrated efforts to combat the sale of meat showing signs of infection.
到19世纪90年代，英国关于患有结核病的肉类的问题促使受感染肉类问题从一个定义模糊的问题转变为一个具体的威胁。兽医们以欧洲的接种（或传播）实验为基础，在构建这场辩论中发挥了突出作用，随后卫生医疗官员也参与其中。随着19世纪80年代细菌学的出现，人们对患有结核病的肉类的危险性达成了共识：1882年罗伯特·科赫发现结核杆菌，以及他所看到的牛结核病与人类疾病之间的联系，证实了这种疾病对人类的危险性。正是从这一点开始，兽医和公共卫生利益出现了分歧。虽然已经达成了普遍共识，但问题的严重程度仍有待怀疑。争议集中在两个问题上：感染的局部化，以及烹饪问题。随着注意力转向牛奶问题，后者被认为会使患有结核病的肉类“安全”；而前者则阻碍了打击销售有感染迹象肉类的努力。
