Dziarski R
Northwest Center for Medical Education, Indiana University School of Medicine, 3400 Broadway, Gary, Indiana 46408, USA.
Cell Mol Life Sci. 2003 Sep;60(9):1793-804. doi: 10.1007/s00018-003-3019-6.
The innate immune system recognizes microorganisms through a series of pattern recognition receptors that are highly conserved in evolution. Peptidoglycan (PGN) is a unique and essential component of the cell wall of virtually all bacteria and is not present in eukaryotes, and thus is an excellent target for the innate immune system. Indeed, higher eukaryotes, including mammals, have several PGN recognition molecules, including CD14, Toll-like receptor 2, a family of peptidoglycan recognition proteins, Nod1 and Nod2, and PGN-lytic enzymes (lysozyme and amidases). These molecules induce host responses to microorganisms or have direct antimicrobial effects.
天然免疫系统通过一系列在进化中高度保守的模式识别受体来识别微生物。肽聚糖（PGN）是几乎所有细菌细胞壁的独特且必需的成分，不存在于真核生物中，因此是天然免疫系统的理想靶点。实际上，包括哺乳动物在内的高等真核生物有几种PGN识别分子，包括CD14、Toll样受体2、肽聚糖识别蛋白家族、Nod1和Nod2，以及PGN裂解酶（溶菌酶和酰胺酶）。这些分子诱导宿主对微生物产生反应或具有直接的抗菌作用。
