Walker Matthew P, Brakefield Tiffany, Hobson J Allan, Stickgold Robert
Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Massachusetts Mental Health Center, Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, 74 Fenwood Road, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
Nature. 2003 Oct 9;425(6958):616-20. doi: 10.1038/nature01930.
Historically, the term 'memory consolidation' refers to a process whereby a memory becomes increasingly resistant to interference from competing or disrupting factors with the continued passage of time. Recent findings regarding the learning of skilled sensory and motor tasks ('procedural learning') have refined this definition, suggesting that consolidation can be more strictly determined by time spent in specific brain states such as wake, sleep or certain stages of sleep. There is also renewed interest in the possibility that recalling or 'reactivating' a previously consolidated memory renders it once again fragile and susceptible to interference, therefore requiring periods of reconsolidation. Using a motor skill finger-tapping task, here we provide evidence for at least three different stages of human motor memory processing after initial acquisition. We describe the unique contributions of wake and sleep in the development of different forms of consolidation, and show that waking reactivation can turn a previously consolidated memory back into a labile state requiring subsequent reconsolidation.
从历史角度来看，“记忆巩固”一词指的是这样一个过程：随着时间的持续推移，记忆对来自竞争或干扰因素的干扰变得越来越有抵抗力。关于熟练的感官和运动任务学习（“程序性学习”）的最新研究结果完善了这一定义，表明巩固可以更严格地由在特定脑状态（如清醒、睡眠或睡眠的某些阶段）所花费的时间来决定。人们还重新关注这样一种可能性，即回忆或“重新激活”先前巩固的记忆会使其再次变得脆弱且易受干扰，因此需要进行重新巩固阶段。通过一项运动技能手指敲击任务，我们在此为初次习得后人类运动记忆处理的至少三个不同阶段提供了证据。我们描述了清醒和睡眠在不同形式巩固发展中的独特作用，并表明清醒时的重新激活可将先前巩固的记忆变回不稳定状态，需要随后进行重新巩固。
